(Credit: Moosbrugger/ullstein bild/Getty Images)
The Stakes
A single archive at the Vatican holds original transcripts from Galileo's inquisition, a letter from Henry VIII pleading to be granted divorce, records from the
heresy trials of the Knights Templar—and a note from Michelangelo requesting overdue pay for his workers. And those are just some of the documents we know about. What else might lie in the centuries-old Vatican Secret Archives? And might these documents shed light on hidden papal influence over global events?
With the vast majority of the Archive's contents off-limits to the public, speculation is rife—from a huge collection of papal pornography to evidence of the Church's enabling of the
Holocaust. Many theories focus on subjects that have the potential to undermine the Church's authority. Has the secrecy been blown out of proportion, or is the Vatican concealing information that would shock the world?
The Story
The storehouse of the Vatican Secret Archives. (Credit: Giovanni Ciarlo/AP Photo)
Established under the Latin name Archivum Secretum Vaticanum, the Archive holds popes' personal correspondence and important documents dating back to the 9th century. (The word "secretum," though translated as "secret," is more akin to "private.") During the 17th century, Pope Paul V, the man who put Galileo on trial, decided to split the Secret Archives from the main collection of the Vatican Library.
The collections still sit side by side, just north of the
Sistine Chapel. The Secret Archives contain 53 miles of shelving, some of which is in a fireproof, climate-controlled two-story underground bunker adjacent to the main Apostolic Library.
Many of the documents that have been declassified concern historic moments and leaders: One is
Henry VIII's 1527 letter requesting a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. When years passed without Pope Clement VII approving the split, Henry VIII turned to his Protestant advisors, broke with the Catholic Church and helped
usher in the Reformation.
Another is
a letter to Pope Pius IX from Jefferson Davis, president of America's confederate states during the Civil War. The note, thanking Pius IX for his "sentiments of Christian good feeling and love" amid "most cruel oppression and terrible carnage," has led to debate over whether
the pope supported the Confederacy beyond giving general comfort and wishes for peace.
Galileo before the Holy Office in the Vatican, where he was condemned by the Tribunal of the Inquisition for having defended the theories of Copernicus. (Credit: Leemage/Corbis/Getty Images)
In 1984, the Vatican announced it would release the Archives' transcripts from the heresy trial of
Galileo Galilei, who in 1633 was forced to recant his claim that the Earth revolves around the sun. In 1992, Pope John Paul II formally acknowledged that Galileo was right and the Roman Inquisition had mishandled the case.