(AOC"s) New Green Deal, Explained

New Green Deal, Explained: What's Actually in the Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Energy Plan?


And can it really fight back climate change?

By David Grossman Feb 8, 2019

ALEX WONG/GETTY IMAGES


In the world of environmental policy, few phrases have caught on in recent years as "Green New Deal." The term, which first entered the vernacular in 2007 when New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman suggested the idea, has become a watchword for Democratic star Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and her allies.

We've been short on details until today, when Rep. Ocasio-Cortez and Sen. Ed Markey unveiled an outline of a Democratic Green New Deal. You can read the full plan here, but here are the basics.

All Renewable Energy, All the Time

For starters, the plan proposes generating 100 percent of electricity through "clean and renewable" sources in the next ten years.

"Clean" is a tricky word in conversations about energy, since people use it to describe sources that very much are not. In this case, the word "clean" is doing a lot of work, essentially removing nuclear energyand carbon capture technology from the Green New Deal's ambitions. While both of those technologies can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, they produce other troubling by-products—radioactive waste, in the case of nuclear.




Instead, energy sources like wind, hydroelectricity, and solar would likely play large roles here, with geothermal energy possibly assisting as well. Of course it's not just as easy as swapping things out; building a grid that can provide consistent output using nothing but renewable sources that can be quite variable is a large engineering challenge that requires smarter wind turbines and better battery technology, and the materials necessary to build it all, to say the least. And a whole lot of money.

Taken at face value, the plan would go a long way toward reducing America's carbon footprint. Fossil-fuel combustion is America's biggest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Currently every kilowatt hour generated in the U.S. produces "an average of 0.954 pounds of CO2," according to the University of Michigan, and coal is the worst offender, releasing 2.2 pounds for every hour. 

Jobs, Jobs, Jobs

President Franklin Roosevelt's original New Deal, a series of economic programs that did everything from start Social Security to build out rural infrastructure, was intensely focused on putting Americans back to work during the Depression. This new program has a wide berth and an eye toward jobs. "Millions of family supporting-wage, union jobs" and a "just transition for all communities and workers" are mentioned, as well "prioritizing investment, training, climate and community resiliency, economic and environmental benefits in these communities."

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Some of these jobs would come from a push to "massively expand clean manufacturing" in work projects like "solar panel factories, wind turbine factories, battery and storage manufacturing, energy efficient manufacturing components." Some industries, such as solar panel construction, have struggled to compete for workers in coal-friendly states since they can't currently match coal's high salaries.

New, Greener Infrastructure (Lots of Trains)

According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, America's infrastructure currently earns a school grade of D+, with perhaps the brightest spot being rail. The Green New Deal proposed today would want to radically expand that bright spot, with a call to "build out high-speed rail at a scale where air travel stops becoming necessary." Other transportation sectors are mentioned as well, including electric cars: The Green New Deal wants to "totally overhaul transportation by massively expanding electric vehicle manufacturing" and "build charging stations everywhere."

Transportation is America's second-largest producer of GHGs, producing 28 percent of the country's total. Ground vehicles from cars to long-haul trucks make up the vast majority of these emissions—83 percent according to the EPA. Airplanes make up a much smaller part of emissions at 9 percent. There's no mention in the Green New Deal of newer transportation technologies like electric planes.

There's also a focus on buildings, with a desire to "upgrade or replace every building in US for state-of-the-art energy efficiency." It's an ambitious goal, and one that would likely focus on the South and the Midwest, according to the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy's most recent scorecard. States like Louisiana have only made "limited efforts" to update their buildings to become more energy efficient, while Wyoming has voluntary building-efficiency standards based on codes written in 1989. Of course there's also a danger of going too far in replacing existing construction that's nowhere near its end of life; in many ways the greenest building is one that's already built.

The Green New Deal doesn't stop there, calling for "massive" investments in DARPA-style projects, referencing the experimental agency within the Department of Defense that helped birth the internet. There's no reference to ARPA-E, the agency with the Department of Energy currently set up to handle such projects. 

But It's Just an Idea, for Now

This is a massive suite of proposals. Each field mentioned in the Green New Deals contains within it worlds of infrastructure and bureaucracy. "Even if every billionaire and company came together and were willing to pour all the resources at their disposal into this investment," reads the proposal, "the aggregate value of the investments they could make would not be sufficient."

The proposal has been met with acclaim by various Democratic presidential candidates and environmental groups, and is sure to be much discussed during the 2020 campaign. It's unlikely to be brought up in Congress any time soon, but given the scope of the threat climate change poses, the proposals will likely remain at the center of national debate.


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