It's Head Lice Season. Here's What to Know

A head louse on hairOxford Scientific—Getty Images



by
Dominique Mosbergen
Health correspondent
Sep 9, 2026 10:15 AM ET


As children return to school, families have a lot to look forward to: fresh routines, new connections, crisper weather—and a greater risk of head lice.

September is National Head Lice Prevention Month in the U.S, coinciding with a time of year when infestations tend to surge. “Head lice can occur throughout the year, but cases are often noticed more frequently in late summer and early fall, when children return to school and resume close-contact activities,” says Dr. April Armstrong, chief of dermatology at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Head lice is a common childhood condition, with up to 12 million head lice infestations occurring among children ages 3 to 11 every year in the U.S., according to estimates from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The insects don’t spread disease, but they can still cause a great deal of distress, doctors say. “Having head lice is not a sign of poor hygiene, but it can cause stress and anxiety because there is this stigma that it is,” says Dr. Carla Torres Zegarra, a pediatric dermatologist at Children’s Hospital Colorado. “If left untreated, it can also be very bothersome, causing itching and disturbing sleep.”

Here’s what to know about the pesky parasites, and how to spot, treat, and prevent them.

What are head lice?

Head lice, or Pediculus humanus capitis, are tiny, wingless insects that feed on human blood. They are found mostly on the scalp, but sometimes appear on eyebrows and eyelashes.

Adult head lice are about the size of a sesame seed and are usually tan to grayish-white in color, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Head lice lay and attach their eggs—known as nits—to the base of hair shafts using a glue-like substance. Infested people may have a combination of adult and juvenile head lice, nits, and empty egg casings on their scalp and in their hair.

Are they the same as pubic or body lice?

No. There are three different types of lice that feed exclusively on humans: head lice, pubic or “crab” lice, and body lice. Unlike head lice, which have elongated bodies, pubic lice have short and round bodies, resembling crabs. Pubic lice typically spread through sexual contact and are most common in adults.

When people have body lice, the insects are found primarily on their clothing and bedding, and sometimes on their bodies. Unlike head lice, body lice is connected to hygiene practices and access to clean clothing, and spread primarily through direct contact with someone who has body lice or with their contaminated clothing or bedding. In the U.S., body lice mostly affects people without access to housing, clean clothes, and regular bathing, CDC says.

How do head lice spread?

Since head lice can only crawl and not jump or fly, they typically spread via head-to-head contact. “That’s why it happens more in kids, because they play in close proximity,” Torres Zegarra says.

Head lice can also spread through objects that touch the head, such as combs, hats, helmets, and pillowcases. But this type of indirect transmission is much less likely since head lice typically survive for less than a day when away from the scalp, and nits can’t hatch at temperatures cooler than that of the human scalp, AAP says.

Getting head lice has nothing to do with personal hygiene or the cleanliness of the environment, and is caused solely by exposure to an infested person.

If there’s an outbreak of lice at your child’s school or daycare, that’s not a guarantee they’ll get it. Though head lice frequently spread in schools, research has found that head lice actually have a low contagion rate in classrooms. That’s why the CDC, AAP, National Association of School Nurses and other medical groups don’t recommend keeping children with head lice away from school.

Animals don’t get or spread head lice.

How do you know if you or your child has head lice?

An itchy scalp is the most common symptom of head lice, “particularly behind the ears and near the back of the neck,” Armstrong says. “Some people also describe a tickling sensation or the feeling that something is moving in the hair. Scratching may produce redness, small sores, or, occasionally, a secondary bacterial infection.”

People can have head lice without symptoms, too. “With a first infestation, itching may not begin for four to six weeks because it takes time for the body to develop an allergic response to louse saliva,” Armstrong says.

Examining the hair and scalp under bright light and finding live crawling lice is the best way to diagnose a head lice infestation. Using a magnifying glass or a special lice comb can help with this process, AAP says. “Nits located farther from the scalp are often empty or no longer viable, so their presence alone does not necessarily indicate an active infestation,” Armstrong says.

Misdiagnosis of head lice is common. “Many presumed lice and nits submitted by physicians, nurses, teachers, and caregivers to a laboratory for identification were found to be artifacts such as dandruff, hairspray droplets, scabs, dirt, or other insects,” such as those blown by the wind and caught in the hair, AAP says.

The CDC recommends that people visit a doctor if they suspect they may have lice.

Who is at risk of head lice?

Head lice infestations most commonly occur in preschool- and elementary school-age children and their families.

Research suggests that girls may get head lice more often than boys. But the AAP says head lice infestations do not appear to be influenced by hair length, hair type, and frequency of shampooing or brushing.

How do you treat head lice?

There are several over-the-counter and prescription medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat head lice, including lotions and shampoos that contain the insecticides permethrin or pyrethrin. Treatment of head lice often involves using one of these medications, combined with “careful combing using a fine-toothed lice comb,” Armstrong says.

Some of these medications kill only lice, while others target both lice and nits. Depending on the medication, a second application may be needed seven to ten days after the first treatment, Armstrong says.

In some cases, head lice can be resistant to these topical medications, AAP says. In those situations, manual removal of lice and nits might be necessary—an option also available to people who want to avoid insecticide-containing products. The AAP says home remedies such as using mayonnaise, melted butter, or olive oil could work to suffocate the lice, though these methods are not FDA approved or recommended, and more research still needs to be done on their effectiveness. A prescription oral medication can also be used.

Some internet sites recommend using essential oils and other botanical products to kill head lice, but the AAP says “the safety and efficacy of natural or herbal products are currently not regulated by the FDA, and until more data are available, their use in infants, children, and adolescents should be avoided.” The AAP also stresses that head lice treatment is only recommended for people “in whom diagnosis is highly suspected or proven.”

Torres Zegarra says she sometimes sees patients with itchy scalps who developed irritation because they tried head lice treatments despite not having any evidence of lice. “What I end up treating is not lice but the skin irritation caused by multiple treatments that were tried on the scalp,” she says.

Doctors say that cutting or shaving the hair of an infested person isn’t necessary, and it does not always work to get rid of head lice.

“Long or very thick hair may require more product and more time to comb thoroughly, but it can be treated successfully without removing the hair,” Armstrong says. “If live lice remain after treatment has been used correctly, a clinician should determine whether the cause is medication resistance, reinfestation, or an incorrect diagnosis before additional treatments are applied.”

How do you prevent head lice?

“There is no completely reliable way to prevent head lice, especially among young children who naturally play in close contact. The most effective step is to limit direct head-to-head or hair-to-hair contact when lice are known to be circulating,” Armstrong says.

If someone is confirmed to have head lice, members of their household and other close contacts should be carefully checked for infestation. “Clothing, towels, and bedding used during the two days before treatment can be washed and dried using heat,” Armstrong says. “Combs and brushes can be soaked in hot water. Extensive cleaning, fumigation, and pesticide sprays are unnecessary.”

AAP says parents and other caregivers could check children regularly to catch and treat early infestations, and children can be taught not to share personal items such as combs and hats. They shouldn’t refuse to wear helmets because of fear of head lice, however, particularly since the spread of lice through objects is uncommon, AAP says.

Ultimately, Torres Zegarra says “there’s no need to panic” when head lice arise. “It’s a nuisance problem but not a health crisis,” she says, adding that children with head lice shouldn’t be quarantined or kept away from school.

“No healthy child should lose out on education because of head lice. They should avoid head-to-head contact, but they shouldn’t be shamed or isolated,” Torres Zegarra says.

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Sabbath Evening Service - Elder P. Jones - September 5th 2026

 

Religion’s Longstanding Gender Gap Is Narrowing Among Gen Z. But Which Gender Is Narrowing It—and Why?

by Chantelle Lee

Reporter
Jul 9, 2026 6:00 AM ET

Photo-Illustration by Chloe Dowling for TIME (Source Images: Fabrice Lerouge—Getty Images; Weiquan Lin—Getty Images; Hiroshi Higuchi—Getty Images; Syuzanna Guseynova—Getty Images; SivStockMedia via Canva)


A gender gap has long persisted in religious identity. Historically, data has widely, and with remarkable consistency, shown women being more religious than men. But that appears to be changing when it comes to Gen Z.

Recent surveys indicate the longstanding gap is now closing among young men and women—and one even suggests that it might be beginning to open in the opposite direction.

Which gender is driving the shift, and why, is a matter of some contention, however.

Recent Gallup polling attributed the narrowing gender gap among Gen Zers primarily to a rise in religiosity—meaning the depth of religious belief—among young men. But other surveys have found no such change in young men’s religious identities, and have instead shown that the change is being caused by more young women turning away from religion—a trend that some attribute to young women’s frustration with the sexism that persists in some places of worship.

TIME spoke to pollsters, political scientists, religious leaders, and others about the data and what they make of it.

Are young men becoming more religious?

Gallup polling released in April found that in 2024-2025, 42% of men between the ages of 18 and 29 said religion was “very important” to them. That figure marks a jump of 14 percentage points from just two years before, when 28% of young men said this. It also shows a reversal of past gender dynamics: in previous years, women surpassed men in saying that religion is important to them. In 2012-2013, for instance, 51% of women between the ages of 18 and 29 said so, compared to just 41% of men in that same age group. In 2024-2025, meanwhile, just 29% of young women said religion is very important in their lives, notably lower than the 42% of young men who said the same.

“Historically, there has been a gender gap in religiosity in this country as long as we’ve had survey research,” says Frank Newport, a senior scientist at Gallup who worked on the poll. “What I think is important in our findings so far is that the gender gap among young Americans—18 to 29—has basically disappeared across several measures of religiosity. Men and women are either statistically the same or, in one measure, men are more religious, among 18 to 29 year olds.”

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'I Pray for Him Daily.' Why Socially Conservative Women Stand by Trump

By Elizabeth Dias
February 20, 2018



Socially conservative women in politics remain wary but generally supportive of President Donald Trump despite recent allegations of adultery and hush money.

Many white evangelical Christian women leaders see the president as an ally thanks to his conservative judicial appointments, anti-abortion policy changes and decision to move the U.S. embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, among other actions.

Still, they’re not enthusiastic about other recent developments. In recent weeks, allegations surfaced that Trump had affairs with porn star Stormy Daniels and Playboy model Karen McDougal after his wife gave birth, that his personal attorney paid Daniels $130,000 shortly before the election and that an ally at the National Enquirer helped keep McDougal quiet. And then there was his defense of top aide Rob Porter in light of accusations of domestic violence.

“Detractors of President Trump would only be satisfied by my complete disavowal and call for his immediate resignation because that’s what they really want,” says Penny Nance, president of the Concerned Women for America, which has half a million members. “We won’t be their little pawns.”

“Though this president’s personal life is alien to us,” she says, “there are things that made us vote for him.”

For Nance, a major reason is that Trump vowed to fight for the causes they believe in, and he has followed through on his promises.

“I’m not surprised by any of this,” she says. “What I was surprised was that American conservative women, primary voters, said it doesn’t matter. The reason they said this is they wanted a champion, who would take the gloves off and punch the bully in the nose.”

Many social conservative women see Trump’s relationship with women as more complicated than just vulgar comments and alleged payouts to porn stars. They are quick to cite his relationship with his daughter Ivanka, how Kellyanne Conway was the first woman to lead a winning presidential campaign and how Sarah Huckabee Sanders is the first mother to serve as White House press secretary. “I do believe on a personal level that the president supports women,” Nance says.

Venezuelan Congress Declares President Maduro Has Staged a Coup | TIME

U.S. Boots Stepping Closer to Iraq

Mark Thompson @MarkThompson_DC

8:41 PM ET

Getty Images

Administration asserts they wouldn’t be in combat, but the enemy might disagree

MOREThe Yezidis—and the Kurds—Hope for U.S. Salvation in IraqEvacuation Mission ‘Less Likely’ After U.S. Special Forces Land on Iraq MountainHow the Pentagon Would Save the Stranded Refugees in Northern Iraq

Those increasingly loud footsteps you hear could be the sound of U.S. military boots marching closer to Iraq, following a visit Wednesday by 20 U.S. troops to plot a way to rescue thousands of Yezidi refugees on a mountain surrounded by Islamic militants in northern Iraq. While they reported fewer stranded than originally thought, Pentagon officials said, a rescue operation still might be needed.

President Obama made it clear two months ago that American combat boots wouldn’t be headed back there, where 4,486 U.S. troops died between 2003 and 2011.

“We will not be sending troops back into combat in Iraq,” Obama pledged.

But you can drive an M-1 tank through that “into combat” caveat. It implies, as a top White House aide suggested anew Wednesday, that U.S. troops can go into harm’s way in Iraq and avoid combat. The first rule of war, old soldiers say, is that the enemy always gets a vote.

Other aides have been making similar distinctions. “This is not a combat, boots-on-the-ground operation,” Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel told Marines on Tuesday in California about a possible Iraq mission. “We’re not going to have that kind of operation.”

Hagel’s spokesman, Rear Admiral John Kirby, repeated that refrain Wednesday. “The president’s been very clear,” he told CNN. “There’s not going to be boots on the ground in a combat role.”

Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes said Wednesday that U.S. troops might be put on the ground to help rescue Yazidi refugees stranded along the Sinjar mountain range in northern Iraq. “The role of U.S. forces is not one of re-entering combat on the ground,” Rhodes said. “In terms of the kinetic actions that are being taken”—bullets and missiles, in other words—“those are in the form of airstrikes.”

But that assumes that if U.S. forces go into Iraq to help rescue the refugees, they’ll be calling the shots. Literally.

Unfortunately, the militants of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria are eager to fight U.S. troops, Pentagon officials believe. Some are suicidal, and would like nothing more than to die in a firefight with American soldiers or Marines.

There are limits to how much protection U.S. troops on the ground can expect from U.S. warplanes and helicopter gunships above. And the nearer aircraft come to provide such firepower, the more vulnerable they become to whatever anti-aircraft weapons ISIS has.

Whatever Obama decides, U.S. troops will be able to defend themselves. “Force protection is always a mission for U.S. personnel in any country in the world,” Rhodes said. What Obama has “ruled out is re-introducing U.S. forces into combat on the ground in Iraq.” In other words, if U.S. troops are sent into Iraq on a rescue mission, think of them as a football team that plays only defense.

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Janet Yellen Sworn In To Lead Federal Reserve

Takes the helm at a crossroads for the central bank
By Sam Frizell @Sam_Frizell
Feb. 03, 2014





JIM BOURG / REUTERS

Federal Reserve Board Governor Daniel Tarullo (L) applauds new Federal Reserve Board Chairwoman Janet Yellen after administering the oath of office to Yellen at the Federal Reserve Board in Washington February 3, 2014.



Janet Yellen was sworn in as the first women to lead the Federal Reserve board of governors Monday morning, taking the post of chairwoman at a critical moment as the central bank debates how quickly to taper its expansionary monetary policies.

Yellen took the chairwomanship early Monday in an oath administered by Governor Daniel K. Tarullo, the Fed said in a statement, nearly four months after President Obama announced his intention to nominate Yellen for the post, and a month after the Senate confirmed her on Jan. 6. She takes the post from Ben Bernanke.

The former Berkeley professor is widely seen as a more compassionate Federal Reserve chair than the technocratic leaders the Fed has traditionally been led by, especially in light of her long academic record of focusing on the human impact of unemployment.

Yell described her background in an exclusive interview with TIME in January. ”My father was a family doctor, and both he and my mother lived through the Depression,”she said. “I came to understand the effect that unemployment could have on people in human terms.”

The Federal Reserve has arrived at a crossroads in its post-recession monetary policy, and Yellen’s biggest challenge will be to smoothly wind down the Fed’s program of purchasing billions of dollars of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities. The policy, intended to stimulate the economy, has resulted in the purchase of trillions of dollars in assets since the start of the recession.

The Fed has also kept its short-term interest rate near zero since late 2008 in an effort to spur economic growth, and Yellen will lead the Fed in deciding when to raise rates.


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A Statement from the Society of Jesus on Time Magazine’s Selection of Pope Francis as Person of the Year

Head of U.S. Jesuit Order Congratulates Pope on Honor

For Immediate Release

(Washington, D.C., December 11, 2013) — Pope Francis has been named 2013’s“Person of the Year,” the iconic title given to one individual or group each year since 1927 by the editors of Time magazine. The title goes to the person who has had the greatest impact on the world and news for the past year, and previous recipients include Mahatma Gandhi, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Martin Luther King Jr., as well as two popes: Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II.

According to Father Thomas H. Smolich, S.J., president of the Jesuit Conference, “Pope Francis is a man with a deep connection to the poor and marginalized. He knows how to translate what is in his heart into actions — whether it’s washing the feet of Muslim prisoners on Holy Thursday to launching a global campaign to end world hunger to establishing a commission to address the clerical sexual abuse crisis. He desires to lead a Church that unifies rather than divides, and he gives both believers and seekers a reason to be proud.

“The Society of Jesus salutes Pope Francis, our Jesuit brother, on the singular honor of being named Time magazine’s Person of the Year,” said Fr. Smolich.

About the Society of Jesus in the United States

Founded in 1540 by St. Ignatius Loyola, the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) is the largest order of priests and brothers in the Roman Catholic Church. The Jesuits operate 28 colleges and universities, 54 high schools and 67 parishes in the United States and engage in a variety of ministries. As religious, Jesuits commit themselves to observe vows of poverty, chastity and obedience in practicing a faith that promotes justice. For more information on the Society of Jesus in the United States, visit www.jesuits.org.

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Pope Francis, The People’s Pope

He took the name of a humble saint and then called for a church of healing. The first non-European pope in 1,200 years is poised to transform a place that measures change by the century

By Howard Chua-Eoan and Elizabeth Dias Dec. 11, 2013

Illustration by Bryan Drury for TIME; Photo reference: Alessandra Tarantino / AP

 

On the edge of Buenos Aires is a nothing little street called Pasaje C, a shot of dried mud leading into a slum from what passes for a main road, the garbage-strewn Mariano Acosta. There is a church, the Immaculate Virgin, toward the end of the ­pasaje—Spanish for passage—where, on one occasion, the local priest and a number of frightened residents took refuge deep in the sanctuary when rival drug gangs opened fire. Beyond the church, Pasaje C branches into the rest of the parish: more rutted mud and cracked concrete form Pasajes A to K. Brick chips from the hasty construction of squatter housing coagulate along what ought to be sidewalks. The word asesino—­murderer—is scrawled in spray-paint on the sooty wall of a burned-out house, which was torched just days before in retaliation for yet another shooting. Packs of dogs sprawl beneath wrecked cars. Children wander heedless of traffic, because nothing can gather speed on these jagged roads. But even Pasaje C can lead to Rome.
As Cardinal and Archbishop of Buenos Aires, a metropolis of some 13.5 million souls, Jorge Mario Bergoglio made room in his schedule every year for a pastoral visit to this place of squalor and sorrow.­ He would walk to the subway station nearest to the Metropolitan Cathedral, whose pillars and dome fit easily into the center of Argentine power. Traveling alone, he would transfer onto a graffiti-blasted tram to Mariano Acosta, reaching where the subways do not go. He finished the journey on foot, moving heavily in his bulky black orthopedic shoes along Pasaje C. On other days, there were other journeys to barrios throughout the city—so many in need of so much, but none too poor or too filthy for a visit from this itinerant prince of the church. Reza por mí, he asked almost everyone he met. Pray for me.
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Cocoa, Coffee and Caffeine: How Helpful (or Harmful) is a Cup of Joe?

Food & Drink

By Alexandra Sifferlin @acsifferlin


Aug. 15, 20131



David Malan / Getty Images


Americans gulp nearly 400 million cups of coffee every day, so it’s time to understand what all of that java is doing to our brains and bodies.

For many, coffee is a morning eye-opener, thanks to the stimulating effects of caffeine, but other compounds native to the coffee bean include antioxidants that have been linked to a lower risk of skin cancer, Alzheimer’s, heart disease and diabetes. Just a few weeks ago, a Harvard School of Public Health study found that java may even prevent suicide; individuals who drank two to four cups of coffee every day were less likely to commit suicide than those who didn’t drink it.

(MORE: How Coffee Could Save Your Life)

But unfortunately, studies touting the benefits of coffee are often followed by others that highlight its adverse effects on health. The latest, published in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings, studied health records of 45,000 people who reported their coffee-drinking habits and concluded that younger people under age 55 who drank more than 28 cups a week were 21% more likely to die prematurely during the 17 year study than those who drank less. (Older coffee drinkers didn’t show such an increased risk of early mortality.)

While the heavy coffee drinkers were also more likely to be less fit and to smoke cigarettes — both factors that can contribute to early death — the relationship between more coffee and earlier death continued to hold even after the scientists adjusted for these effects.

So is that morning cup of coffee a health-booster or a health hazard?

That answer depends on how the studies that examine this question are designed, and the type of coffee in question — as well as who is doing the drinking. Unlike the latest analysis above, some studies in the past did not adjust for factors other than coffee that could affect outcomes like mortality, cancer rates or cognitive measures. A 1981 study, for example, connected coffee to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, but other analyses showed conflicting associations. Later research concluded that these contrary findings were due to the fact that some of the studies failed to control for potentially confounding factors such as smoking, while others were subject to the errors of having drinkers recall how much they consumed.

It’s also important to understand what the studies are designed to measure. When it comes to brain function, for example, it turns out that caffeine in coffee acts as a stimulant that can sharpen cognitive function but doesn’t necessarily improve memory or learning; the distinction, however, isn’t often made in media reports on coffee studies involving cognition or even the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

The effects of coffee on the body can also change over time, and studies don’t always tease apart the different health outcomes of participants by age. A long-term java habit’s effect on the hearts and brains of older drinkers, for instance, may differ from that of a short-term one as cells and tissues become tolerated to the chemicals in the coffee. For example, frequent and long-term coffee drinking — about four or more cups a day — has consistently been linked to a nearly 50% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared to non-drinkers, while the effect of fewer cups is less consistent. Such a coffee habit isn’t all beneficial, however; high consumption among pregnant women has been linked to a lower birth rate.

How the coffee is prepared can also make a difference; some studies found that unfiltered coffee—like French Press—increased cholesterol levels while paper-filtered coffee did not, but most studies of coffee drinkers don’t distinguish between different preparations.

(MORE: Coffee: Drink More, Live Longer?)

“Back when I was in medical school in the 70s, I was taught that coffee is bad for you,” says Dr. Peter Martin, director of the Institute for Coffee Studies at Vanderbilt University. “There was strong data showing it was associated with excess mortality and unfortunately statistical studies were done without taking into consideration a whole bunch of covariates. It’s also true people who drink coffee tend to smoke. By statistically removing these lifestyle variables, then coffee starts looking quite healthy. I think that coffee is basically good for you unless there is a specific reason you shouldn’t drink it.”

And like anything else we put in our bodies, figuring out whether it will help or harm our health is about understanding the balance of ingredients packed into each cup. While the antioxidants in coffee can protect the heart and combat diabetes, those benefits need to be balanced against risks like the over-stimulation that caffeine can cause. “Coffee contains hundreds of compounds including caffeine, phenolic acids, minerals, and vitamin B3 that can vary by coffee bean, degree of roasting and brewing method. All of which may have different health effects,” says Dr. Robert van Dam, an assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health.

(MORE: Study: Caffeine May Alter Estrogen Levels in Women)

To complicate matters even more, these effects can greatly vary from person to person. Plus, our bodies tend to adapt to the various components in coffee, including caffeine, so each individual’s response to it may even change over time. “Only after consumption of more than a week [does] tolerance to the effects of caffeine develop,” says van Dam. “Even then there is a large variation in how fast people metabolize caffeine which is partly genetically determined and there will thus be large differences in how much caffeine people can consume without unpleasant side effects.”

Martin, however, says that there are some simple ways to determine if coffee is likely to be doing you more harm or good. If your java habit is disrupting your sleep, then cut back on the last cup of the day so the stimulating effects of caffeine aren’t making you anxious or impeding your ability to concentrate and focus. “If caffeine intake affects sleeping habits, induces irritability etc. then you are probably consuming too much,” says van Dam.

And if you aren’t a coffee drinker, there’s no need to pick up the habit in the hopes of reaping some of the benefits associated with coffee, since it’s not clear that those benefits outweigh the risks associated with drinking it — especially in large amounts.


Alexandra Sifferlin @acsifferlin   

Alexandra Sifferlin is a writer and producer for TIME Healthland. She is a graduate from the Northwestern University Medill School of Journalism.



Source: http://healthland.time.com/2013/08/15/cocoa-coffee-and-caffeine-how-helpful-or-harmful-is-a-cup-of-joe/#ixzz2c5pTwqY3

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A Pope for the Poor

Will Francis' personal humility and focus on poverty help revive the church's fortunes on his home continent?





By Howard Chua-Eoan

Monday, July 29, 2013


 
STEFANO SPAZIANI


In the North of Rio de Janeiro is the miserable slum of Manguinhos. It is a stubborn place. Again and again the local government tries to evict the residents in urban cleansings that sweep into the favela with instruments of construction assigned to destruction. The demolitions have grown more desperate as Brazil prepares to play host to the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympics in 2016. Bulldozers and jackhammers and backhoes shear off sides of buildings, revealing staircases that go nowhere. Exposed to the elements are the red, turquoise and yellow walls that were once living rooms. But many of the people refuse to move. They jerry-build electricity and water supplies to maintain themselves even as rivers of sewage run past the front of what they still call home. Under the rubble, the streets remain visible. They were named for saints.

In miserable Manguinhos is the even more miserable neighborhood called Varginha. Its tenacity has increased because the Pope is coming to visit. The last Pope to visit a Brazilian favela--John Paul II in 1980, on the first of several trips to the country--helped save it from a similar demolition plan simply by paying it attention. The authorities relented; the bulldozers went away. The people of Varginha are praying that Francis will perform the same miracle. On the front of one house, someone has painted in light blue, "The Pope is coming to Varginha to visit the poor. The poor will be very happy!"

They know that Francis is the Pope of the poor. Did he not name himself for the son of the rich man from Assisi who gave up everything to walk barely shod, a saint in sackcloth? Has not this new Pope refused to live in his palace? And did he not say that the shepherd of the faithful must smell like his sheep? The astonished whispers are everywhere, not just Brazil, before his first scheduled foreign trip since his election and his first return to his home continent. A Pope for the forgotten; a Pope for the godforsaken. And not just among Catholics: Anglicans are thinking of a compact of churches to fight poverty, and evangelicals see Francis as a Pontiff they can deal with. Atheists are gob-smacked that he has said some of them might merit heaven. A Pope for everyone?

Brazil may prove to be a showcase for the powers of this humble Pope and the fresh face he is putting on the ancient papacy. In this, the most populous of Catholic countries on the most Catholic of continents, he faces in microcosm the challenges the church is confronted with around the world: the magnetism of Protestant evangelism and the temptations of secular culture. And it is in this enormous Latin American nation that the Pope of the poor may just begin to have the destabilizing influence that John Paul II had in Eastern Europe: to turn the tide against the rivals of the church and re-establish its primacy in places where it once held incontestable sway. Already Brazil wonders if Francis might exacerbate the protests that swept its cities last month. President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of Argentina is probably grateful that the Pontiff, whom she used to deride when he was a Cardinal, decided against visiting his native land as it prepares for a crucial round of elections.

A Gentle Cunning

 


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SDA Church Dispute Heads to Court

March 17, 2013

EventPolynesia.com

SDA church at Matatufu

Last month leaders of the SDA church in the South Pacific Division (SPD) met again in Australia with pastors from Samoa and Samoan pastors representing Samoan churches in New Zealand and Australia. The bible conference discussed the impasse in Samoa which is detrimental to a fundamental doctrine of the SDA church where there are now two seventh-day Sabbaths, some worshipping on Saturday and the majority worshipping on Sunday.

An outcome of the meeting is the matter to be referred to the Biblical Research Committee of the South Pacific Division for further research.

But in Samoa, the local church administration has instructed the law office of Schuster-Betham-Annandale to write to the Leauva’a-uta SDA members who are worshipping on Saturday to refrain from using the church facility there. The letter dated 6th February warns that failure to comply within 7 days will result in the matter been taken to the High Court for an order regarding ownership, demolition and removal by the church of assets.

Leauvaa-uta Sabbath keepers in front of their church building.

The letter from the lawyer however states that the church does not dispute the land belongs to the title Sala (held by Fonoti Peteli). This is further confirmed in a letter from the Register of the Lands and Titles Court stating the ownership of the land known as Laumasa is with Sala Fonoti Peteli and is not being disputed. The Register however goes further advising the parties involved to seek legal advice from lawyers in regards to dividing of church assets.

The SDA Sabbath dilemma in Samoa today centers around which day is the seventh-day of the week after the IDL change in 2011, the second time Samoa has changed its location to the IDL. Is it Saturday or Sunday?

Seventh-day Adventists keep the Sabbath on the seventh day of the week which is Saturday like everywhere else in the world. Most Christian churches in Samoa however also call Sunday the Sabbath but for a different reason – to commemorate the day of Jesus’ resurrection which falls on Sunday, the first day of the week.

On the TVNZ program Tagata Pasefika last year, President of the SDA church in Samoa, Pastor Uili Solofa stated that “now in Samoa, the seventh-day falls on Sunday.” The same argument was published in the Samoa Observer 1st July issue saying, “The practical result in terms of Sabbath keeping is that Sunday not Saturday has become the seventh day of the week.”

In a document dated 29th December 2011, Pastor Uili Solofa wrote,


“The majority of church leaders, worshippers and villages (in Samoa) are not saying they are happy that Seventh-day Adventists are keeping Sunday, instead what they are saying is that – we are going to keep the Sabbath of the Seventh-day Adventist church; praise God!”

In a separate correspondence, Pastor Uili Solofa also wrote, “You have to know that all the other Christian religions in Samoa have publicly testified that they have moved to keep the seventh–day Sabbath of the Bible.”

Catholic Chancellor Ono does not appear to share that view. Asked about casinos opening on Sunday, Father Ioane says that personally, he had no problems with it. “For Catholics or any Christian for that matter, Sunday is a day of rest, a day of giving thanks and praise to the Lord. It is also a day of joy and celebration because for the Catholic Church, Sunday is the day of resurrection of Jesus.” (Samoa Observer, March 12, 2013)

Such statements by SDA leaders in Samoa and the Pacific that Sunday is the “seventh-day” in Samoa today appear to contradict the reason Christian churches worship on Sunday, the first day of the week, to commemorate the day of Jesus’ resurrection.

Source

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P.S. 
Samoa SDA's: Happy Sabbath, faithful Brethren!
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Evangelicos: A Way Back for the GOP

Religion

By Elizabeth Dias

April 08, 2013

MARCO GROB FOR TIME


Can Latino evangelicals help Republicans take a bite out of the Democratic advantage with Hispanic voters?

Maybe. As my cover story “The Latino Reformation“ this week suggests, Latino evangelicals are a group that has strong conservative social values—meaning the Republican Party should find them very attractive. They prize the nuclear family. They are largely against abortion and gay marriage. They also tend to be wealthier than Latino Catholics, and they are more likely to have been born in the United States.

It is a point that Michael Warren of The Weekly Standard explored a couple weeks ago. Republicans have lost a net 30 points among evangélicos since the 2004 presidential campaign. George W. Bush got 69% of the Latino evangelical vote in 2004, and Mitt Romney only had support of 39% of Latino evangelicals in 2012. Warren argues that Republicans should see this as an opening:

Somewhere in the party’s long tradition, there are principles and policies that can attract a group that values family, community, and the church. A party that can win Hispanic evangelicals might be one that can combine pro-family tax policies, pro-growth economic policies, traditionalism on social issues, and a realistic immigration policy.

What I learned after spending time in Iglesias in Chicago and the far suburbs of Washington is a little more complicated than that. But Warren is on to something. But before Republicans can win them over, they have to know who the evangélicos really are. That is what we explore in the magazine this week.

Source: http://swampland.time.com/2013/04/08/evangelicos-a-way-back-for-the-gop/#ixzz2PtHNwzBP

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"Let me be clear"

Four Years of Speeches, One Signature Phrase

TimeMagazine 


Published on Dec 21, 2012


President Obama is known for his eloquent speeches, but above all, he just wants to be clear

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THE WEEKLY CYCLE HAS NEVER CHANGED

The writings of historians, the records of chronographers, the languages of earth, the calendars of time, and the existence of the Jewish race—all testify to the fact that the weekly cycle on our calendars today is the same as in earlier centuries—going back to the time of Christ, to Moses, and beyond.

In the beginning, God gave us the weekly seven-day cycle, with the Sabbath as the last day. That pattern has never changed. The seventh day of the week today is the true Bible Sabbath. Our seventh day is the Sabbath which Jesus kept; it was the Sabbath in the time of Moses when the Ten Commandments were written down. Historians and scientists all agree that this is true.

If there had been any change in the weekly cycle, between the time of Creation and the time of Moses, a correction would have been made when the Ten Commandments were given to the Hebrews. From that time, on down to the present, there have always been Jews to testify as to the true Sabbath. It is the same seventh day of the week which is on our calendars. While all the other ancient races are now intermingled, the Jews have been kept separate so they could testify to the fact that our seventh day is the Bible Sabbath!

The yearly cycle has been changed. In 1582, the length of the year was changed to include the leap year. This changeover resulted in October 1582 having only 21 days! But each week remained the same seven days in length. Thursday, October 4, was followed by Friday, October 15. God has divinely protected the weekly cycle down through the ages. If He had not done this, it would be impossible to keep the Sabbath holy, as He has commanded. But, because He has, we have no excuse not to. The seventh day is a holy day, made holy by the command of God. All calendars agree: The seventh day is the Sabbath. Sunday is the first day; the day called "Saturday" in the English langauge is the Sabbath.

However, in 108 of the 160 languages of mankind, the seventh day is called "the Sabbath"! Did you know that? Dr. William Mead Jones of London prepared a chart proving this. (A copy of this chart can be obtained free of charge from the publisher of this book: Ask for "The Chart of the Week" [BS–28-29]. English is one of the few major languages in which the seventh day is not called "the Sabbath."

Here are ten examples: Hebrew: Shabbath / Greek: Sabbaton / Latin: Sabbatum / Arabic: Assabit / Persian: Shambin / Russian: Subbota / Hindustani: Shamba / French: Samedi / Italian: Sabbato / Spanish: Sabado.

"By calculating the eclipses, it can be proven that no time has been lost and the creation days were seven, divided into 24 hours each."—Dr. Hinkley, The Watchman, July 1926 [Hinkley was a well-known astronomer].

"The human race never lost the septenary [seven day] sequence of week days and that the Sabbath of these latter times comes down to us from Adam, though the ages, without a single lapse."—Dr. Totten, professor of astronomy at Yale University.

"Seven has been the ancient and honored number among the nations of the earth. They have measured their time by weeks from the beginning. The origin of this was the Sabbath of God, as Moses has given the reasons for it in his writings."—Dr. Lyman Coleman.

"There has been no change in our calendar in past centuries that has affected in any way the cycle of the week."—James Robertson, Director American Ephemeris, Navy Department, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C., March 12, 1932.

"It can be said with assurance that not a day has been lost since Creation, and all the calendar changes notwithstanding, there has been no break in the weekly cycle."—Dr. Frank Jeffries, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and Research Director of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England.

It is remarkable how complete is the Biblical and historical evidence corroborating the fact that the Bible Sabbath was given to us by the God of heaven. Let us keep the Sabbath that Jesus kept! He worshiped on the Bible Sabbath, and never told us to stop keeping it. No one else in the Bible said to either. The seventh day is the Sabbath, for God never changed it.

How very thankful we can be that our God is so reliable. He does not change this way or that. He has a holy law which we must obey. But He sent His only begotten Son to die in order to enable us to do it.

Soon we will be in heaven, and praise Him for His great Gift.

For exciting proof that the weekly cycle comes down to us from the Creation of our world, as described in Genesis 1 and 2 of the Bible, click here on CHART OF THE WEEK.

Source

 

'The Protester' named TIME's person of the year

LATEST UPDATE: 14/12/2011

Time magazine announced on Wednesday that an unnamed, collective "protester" was its person of the year for 2011 after a year that saw successful revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt as well as protests in Syria, Yemen, Spain, Russia and beyond.

http://www.france24.com/en/20111214-protester-named-time-magazine-person-year-2011-media
By Catherine Nicholson (video)
News Wires (text)

AFP - Time magazine named the collective "protester" around the world as its person of the year Wednesday, citing the change brought by street demonstrations from Arab countries to New York.
The shared honor for protesters beat the traditional individual contenders, who included Admiral William McCraven, commander of the US mission to kill Al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden.
"There's this contagion of protest," managing editor Richard Stengel said on NBC television. "These are folks who are changing history already and they will change history in the future."
The magazine, featuring a cover photo of a female Arab protester, goes on the newsstands Friday.
Last year, the magazine picked Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, whose competitors included another 21st century communications guru, WikiLeaks maestro Julian Assange.
This time, the list centered on heavyweight political figures such as McRaven, Chinese dissident Ai Weiwei, and influential Republican Congressman Paul Ryan.
There were also an emotional nod for Kate Middleton, who was credited for putting a spring back in the British monarchy's step with her wedding to Prince William.
"Admiral McCraven captured bin Laden and (Middleton) captured our hearts. They represent people who affected us in one way or another who swayed the conversation -- captured our imagination," Stengel said.
However, in the end, the selection committee was unanimous on backing street protesters: "the men and women around the world, particularly in the Middle East, who toppled governments, who brought democracy and dignity to people who hadn't had it before," Stengel said.
Referring to the North African popular revolts, he said: "We thought 'these dictators are not going to be toppled.' And then these people who risked their lives, risked their livelihoods to go out there and brought about change that nobody had expected.
"It really is a transformational thing and I think it is changing the world for the better," he said.

Video: http://www.france24.com/en/20111214-protester-named-time-magazine-person-year-2011-media


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American Catholicism: Time Magazine ’49 – ’53

While enjoying the sunshine and companionship of my brothers here in the Jesuit School of Theology I’m actually enrolled in a few classes as well. One of them is a provocative course on the transformation that occurred in the religious life and culture of the American Catholic Church around the second Vatican Council. I say provocative because our professor has the dozen or so of us reading various magazines from the years before, during, and after the council in order to get a plurality of perspectives on the Church in our country during these years. I have to say that it’s been fascinating for me. Just the style of writing alone (not mention the crazy advertisements!) can make the hours of wading through yellowed pages worthwhile. Anyway, I thought that this kind of thing might be interesting for us here at Whosoever as well. This week’s post is my effort to summarize what is happening in the American Catholic Church through the perspective of Time Magazine between the years 1949-53. I found it incredible. Hope the same is true for you.

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Time Magazine, founded in 1923, has had from its founding the oddly contemporary habit of conveying the news through the people who made it. News of the Catholic Church in United States during the years 1949 to 1953 is no exception to this policy as it is Catholic individuals, especially their particular charismatic quirks, who draw attention. Through these figures familiar tropes emerge: the sickly young boy who studies hard and grows into an imposing (yet kind) cleric clad in scarlet and ermine, the builder Bishop, the erudite yet worldly scholar-priest, the Catholic sports hero. It’s through these persons that a typology of the concerns of American Catholicism during these years might be developed. Any number of such themes might be picked out. Amongst the most important, however, must be listed: Protestantism, anti-Communism, authority, evangelism, and the effort at being considered American.

Perhaps the most telling of these themes is the last listed: being an American. Time’s style during these years, especially in its almost-overwhelming use of long quotations, allows Catholic leaders to speak for themselves about their concern to be considered Americans, especially when such an identity was under attack. An example of such an attack can be seen in what was commonly called “the Blanshard book,” but was formally titled American Freedom and Catholic Power, by Manhattan Lawyer-Journalist Paul Blanshard. The book is described as “a well-organized polemic against the Roman Catholic Church… written from an aggressively secular point of view.” It especially enraged Catholics for its familiar picture of a “totalitarian Vatican out to undermine U.S. democracy.”

Blanshard was not alone during these years in his anti-Catholic arguments, however, as the detailed descriptions of a debate between one Dr. Bowie and renowned Jesuit scholar John Courtney Murray. Bowie argued that the “clearly stated Roman Catholic purpose ‘to make America Catholic,’ if it succeeded, would jeopardize the religious and civil liberties which have been the glory of Protestant countries and of Protestant culture.” He summed up his charges with the quip: “We do not want political dictatorship, and we do not want ecclesiastical dictatorship either.” Murray, however, was not to be out-quipped in this instance. “To put the matter… in psychological terms” he replied, “it seems that hostility to the Catholic Church is profoundly lodged in the Protestant collective unconscious, in consequence perhaps of some natal trauma . . . For here is the old enemy, at which alone Protestantism knows how to strike. Against other enemies – the real ones today – its arm is somewhat palsied.”

The Catholic-Protestant cultural divide is not only depicted via a conflict of ideas, however. Indeed, a wildly amusing story of a Lutheran family who enrolled their children in public school in Johnsburg, Illinois only to find the school staffed by nuns and priests summarizes the depth of this cultural divide. The mother of the family was shocked to find that her children’s report cards bore grades in “religious training” and were stamped with the heading “Diocese of Rockford.” “It seems to me,” she said, “that it’s part of America that a public school is one thing and a parochial school is another. When nuns are the teachers in a public school and the atmosphere is all Catholic, then that’s getting the idea of America all mixed up.”

While divisions between these two cultures is prevalent, frequent mention is also made of efforts toward ecumenism. This is especially seen in the establishment of such organizations as The World Organization for Brotherhood, a group viewed as a counterpart to the national conferences of Christians and Jews which the had sprung up after the second world war. As is Time’s bent, the story of ecumenism is often told through people. In this context, Jesuit Father, and longtime head of America Magazine, John LaFarge looms large. He is depicted as having the “peculiar gift” of the ability to “get along with his opposite numbers in other religions,” and is much lauded for his cooperation with other religious groups working for social justice. “Union between men of different beliefs on the great basic truths of morality and religion,” he is quoted as saying, “I consider our principal defense in the ideological field today.” Oddly, alongside such praise for ecumenism can also be seen evidence of something like envy for what is seen as Catholic clarity and certainty. In a March 1951 article on Most Rev. Henry Knox Sherrill (“The No. I Protestant churchman in the U.S.” and President of the National Council of Churches) the unity of the “Roman Church” is opposed multiple times to the “quandaries” that divide Protestant denominations.

Another common theme which can be culled from Time’s pages is the praise the Church receives for her staunch stand against communism. Such a stand is evidenced in even controversial choices, such as that taken by Cardinal Spellman of New York in 1949 against unions. In March of that year Cardinal Spellman rode at the head of a long line of 100 black-clad seminarians through the lines of striking Catholic grave-diggers. When asked about his choice the Cardinal replied: “I admit to the accusation of strikebreaker, and I am proud of it. If stopping a strike like this isn’t a thing of honor, then I don’t know what honor is.” Although it is the Cardinal who is presented as the actor (even the hero) in the situation, Time does note some discord within what may have seemed to outsiders as the monolithic unity of the Church by quoting the head of the (Catholic) trade union, who denounces any association with Communism by replying: “With all reverence and respect for the cardinal, it is more important to recognize the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively in unions of their own choosing, and to pay the living a just wage, than to bury the dead.”

Another lens through which we can see Catholics being presented as both quintessentially American yet oddly distinctive is through the lens of sport. Time picks up and comments on an American Ecclesiastical Review article on the disjunction between Canon Law and Catholic participation in boxing (or shall we say “pugilism”), provocatively noting the oddity of the Church looking down on boxing while noting that such prizefighting luminaries as Jake LaMotta and Gene Tunney are Catholics. And, of course, it wouldn’t Catholic sports if Notre Dame Football weren’t involved. An article focusing on halfback Johnny Lattner is exemplary, especially in the quotes chosen to distinguish Notre Dame from other (less successful and perhaps therefore less American, and even less holy) programs. Lattner is quoted describing his arrival onto campus as a Freshman in distinctly Catholic language. “I came down that driveway” he said, “and I saw that golden dome with the statue of our Blessed Mother all lighted up, and it was one of the biggest thrills of my life. I got kind of choked up, and I was awful glad I came here.” And Lattner again: “The first night, they showed the movie Knute Rockne—All American [and I got] kind of choked up” all over again. “I mean I got a big bang out of it. I was ready to kill anybody who said a word against Notre Dame. I still am.”

The picture painted here, through Time Magazine’s lens, is of a confident, charismatic Church on the move. A Church strong, hierarchical and unified, striving to be American by any means possible (especially through condemnation of Communism), proudly distinct and beginning to reach out to possible ecumenical partners. As I read all of this I found myself filled with an odd mixture of nostalgia (for their unity and confidence of identity) and uncomfortability (maybe it was just a bristling against some perhaps misdirected authority and etc.). I find it fascinating to watch our story unfold in these pages – so in a few days I’ll put up something on the Church between ’54 and ’58 as found in the pages of America Magazine.

Prayers all.

PG, SJ

Source

Re-Judaizing Jesus

By David Van Biema Thursday, Mar. 13, 2008






Illustration by Christoph Nieman for TIME

Recently a popular blogger — let's call him Rabbi Ben — zinged the scholarship of a man we shall call Rabbi Rob. R. Ben claimed R. Rob did not "understand the difference between Judaism prior to the two Jewish wars in the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. and later Mishnaic and Talmudic Judaism." He helpfully provided a syllabus.

Actually, neither man is a rabbi. (Sorry.) Ben Witherington is a Methodist New Testament scholar, and Rob Bell a rising Michigan megapastor. Yet each regards sources like the Mishnah and Rabbi Akiva as vital to understanding history's best-known Jew: Jesus.

This is seismic. For centuries, the discipline of Christian "Hebraics" consisted primarily of Christians cherry-picking Jewish texts to support the traditionally assumed contradiction between the Jews — whose alleged dry legalism contributed to their fumbling their ancient tribal covenant with God — and Jesus, who personally embodied God's new covenant of love. But today seminaries across the Christian spectrum teach, as Vanderbilt University New Testament scholar Amy-Jill Levine says, that "if you get the [Jewish] context wrong, you will certainly get Jesus wrong."

The shift came in stages: first a brute acceptance that Jesus was born a Jew and did Jewish things; then admission that he and his interpreter Paul saw themselves as Jews even while founding what became another faith; and today, recognition of what the Rev. Bruce Chilton, author of Rabbi Jesus, calls Jesus' passionate dedication "to Jewish ideas of his day" on everything from ritual purity to the ideal of the kingdom of God — ideas he rewove but did not abandon.

What does this mean, practically? At times the resulting adjustment seems simple. For example, Bell thinks he knows the mysterious words Jesus wrote in the dust while defending the adulteress ("He that is without sin among you, let him cast the first stone," etc.). By Bell's calculation, that showdown occurred at the same time as religious Jews' yearly reading of the prophet Jeremiah's warning that "those who turn from [God] will be written in the dust because they have forsaken [him]." Thus Jesus wrote the crowd's names to warn that their lack of compassion alienated their (and his) God.

A trickier revision for readers involves Paul's Letter to the Romans, forever a key Christian text on sin and Christ's salvific grace. Yet this reading necessitates skipping over what seems like extraneous material in Chapters 9 through 11, which are about the Jews. Increasingly, says Jason Byassee, an editor at the Christian Century,, scholars now read Romans through those chapters, as a musing by a lifelong Jew on how God can fulfill his biblical covenant with Israel even if it does not accept His son. Byassee the theologian agrees. But as a Methodist pastor, he frets that Romans "is no longer really about Gentile Christians. How do you preach it?"

That's not a frivolous query. Ideally, the reassessment should increase both Jewish-Christian amity and gospel clarity, things that won't happen if regular Christians feel that in rediscovering Jesus the Jew, they have lost Christ. Yet Bell finds this particular genie so logically powerful that he has no wish to rebottle it. Once in, he says, "you're in deep. You're hooked. 'Cause you can't ever read it the same way again."



Source: http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1720049_1720050_1721663,00.html


I did not include this article here for accuracy, but instead to illustrate a strange ever increasing trend of re-interpreting the Gospel through the prism of a Messianic perspective; Which in my opinion is a deadly mistake.
WE have not been misled in following the well worn paths of the Faith once delivered to the saints. Don't underestimate that for a minute.

Are we now to re-examine every principle of our faith because some Rabbi says so?

I have but one master, the Lord Jesus Christ, who once said:

O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!

Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.

Matthew 23:37-39.

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