Sunday, April 10, 2016

Guns & Politics: Gouverneur Morris And The Income Inequality Revolution



GUN LAWS & LEGISLATION



SUSAN SMITHColumnist


12:47 PM 04/03/2016





The problem of income inequality is currently being touted as the biggest problem in America today by our two Marxist frontrunners for the Democratic nomination to be the next President. As with all the bold, new ideas of the American left in the race for the White House in 2016, this is a much recycled idea, the solutions of which have been tried, and tried, and tried, and failed not only miserably but often catastrophically.

This is most notable in the ultimate class envy contretemps, that of the French Revolution, from 1789 – 1799 throughout the nation of France. In this decade long nightmare of cataclysmic national horror, those who did not have, (from the bourgeoisie on down), not only wanted what the haves (the aristocrats and the clergy) had, but they wanted those who had had previously to suffer for having had.

And suffer those of the Ancien Regime (the pre-Revolutionary way of doing things) did – more than 40,000 individuals died during the years of the Terror alone, just a brief part of the Revolutionary decade. Most of these murdered individuals were killed by guillotine for the crime of being, or suspected of being, artistocrats, or ‘aristos,’ as they were known at the time.

Special: A Jaw-Dropping 21 Month 0% Interest Rate Card Has Been Announced

It is admitted even by defenders of the Revolution in France that there were ‘excesses’ during this period in French history. There was a particularly astute observer of some of these ‘excesses,’ a most remarkable man of a group of remarkable men, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. Gouverneur Morris, a largely unacknowledged genius of this collection of men and of this period, had been assigned as our chief diplomat to France, and turned out to be the only foreign diplomat to remain in France during the Terror. He was a quite large man (he was actually the body double for the Rodin statue of George Washington, another very large man, that stands in the museum at Mount Vernon today), and known for his bravery and equanimity, but even Gouverneur Morris wasn’t prepared for what the Terror held in store.

Striving for Income equality for all was fine and good, and going to great lengths to achieve it was one thing, but some of the methods utilized by the Jacobins during the Terror was a bit over the top. Some methods used to take from the haves to give to the have nots weren’t as simple as a bullet to the brain or the fall of the blade of the guillotine – they involved a hand in the shape of a claw reaching into the chest cavity of a living human being and ripping out the heart. Then the revolutionary would munch on the heart in front of the still living ‘donor,’ at least as long as that poor individual would continue breathing.

This is exactly what Gouverneur Morris declared having witnessed during his tenure as US Ambassador in France, and that and other such images of Revolutionary activity stuck with him. Another example: on “August 10, 1792, Morris, in his legation across the river from the royal palace of the Tuileries, heard “the Cannon begin.” The palace was attacked and the King’s Swiss Guard slaughtered, and Louis and his family took refuge in the Assembly; from there they went to prison and eventually, execution. The Comte de Montmorin was seized and would later die in the September Massacres; another one of Morris’s co-conspirators was beaten to death in the street, and a third would be one of the first to die on the guillotine.”


Hundreds hurt as migrants stuck in Greece try to storm Macedonia border, are repelled








A migrant man throws a can of tear gas back toward Macedonian police during a protest at the northern Greek border point of Idomeni Sunday. Thousands of migrants protested at the border and clashed with Macedonian police. | AP

WORLD / SOCIAL ISSUES

AP

APR 11, 2016



IDOMENI, GREECE – Migrants waged running battles with Macedonian police Sunday after they were stopped from scaling the border fence with Greece near the border town of Idomeni, and aid agencies reported that hundreds of stranded travelers were injured.

Macedonian police used tear gas, stun grenades, plastic bullets and a water cannon to repel the migrants, many of whom responded by throwing rocks over the fence at police. Greek police observed from their side of the frontier but did not intervene.

Clashes continued in the afternoon as migrant groups twice tried to overwhelm Macedonian border security. The increasing use of tear gas reached families in their nearby tents in Idomeni’s makeshift camp housing more than 11,000 migrants trying to pass through the Balkans to reach Western Europe. Many camp dwellers, chiefly women and children, fled into farm fields to escape the painful gas.

Observers held out hope that evening rainfall, which began about seven hours into the clashes, would dampen hostilities.

The aid agency Doctors Without Borders estimated that their medical volunteers on site treated about 300 people for various injuries.

Achilleas Tzemos, deputy field coordinator of Doctors Without Borders, told AP that the injured included about 200 experiencing breathing problems from the gas, 100 others with cuts, bruises and impact injuries from nonlethal plastic bullets. He said six of the most seriously injured were hospitalized.

The clashes began soon after an estimated 500 people gathered at the fence. Many said they were responding to Arabic language fliers distributed Saturday in the camp urging people to attempt to breach the fence Sunday morning and “go to Macedonia on foot.”

A five-member migrant delegation approached Macedonian police to ask whether the border was about to open. When Macedonian police replied that this wasn’t happening, more than 100, including several children, tried to scale the fence.

Greece criticized the Macedonian police response as excessive.

Giorgos Kyritsis, a spokesman for the government’s special commission on refugees, said Macedonian forces had deployed an “indiscriminate use of chemicals, plastic bullets and stun grenades against vulnerable people.” But he said blame for Sunday’s trouble had to be shared with those in the camp spreading rumors of border openings.

Kyritsis said the Idomeni campers should “not believe the false rumors spread by criminally irresponsible individuals and to cooperate with Greek authorities that guarantee their safe transfer to organized temporary hospitality locations.”

Many migrants expressed confusion over the situation, unaware that European Union governments support Macedonia’s decision in early March to block the migrant flow from northern Greece. They expressed reluctance to accept Greek offers of better accommodation far away from their often muddy, cold border encampment.

“Europe tells everyone to come, but Macedonia has shut down its borders,” said Hassan Mohamed, a 19-year-old Kurd from Aleppo, Syria, who has been at the Idomeni camp for two months alongside his mother, sister and brother.

He dismissed the idea of taking Greece’s offer of accommodation elsewhere as “too slow.”

Abd Ahmad, 27, an Iraqi Kurd who is traveling with his wife and their 1-year-old daughter, said life in the Idomeni camp was “difficult for the child” — but not nearly as dangerous as conditions back home. He said Islamic State militants killed a 7-year-old sister and 11-year-old brother in Iraq, while another brother already had reached Germany and another sister was in Finland. He remained hopeful that eventually, Macedonian authorities would relent and allow them through.

Greece remains committed to enforcing the EU-Turkey agreement that requires most migrants currently in Greece to be deported back to Turkey. Besides Idomeni, Greece is trying to clear makeshift camps by the end of April at three other locations containing a total of more than 10,000 people: a gas station 17 km (11 miles) south of Idomeni, the port of Piraeus and the site of Athens’ defunct former airport.

The planned deportation of 6,750 migrants on Greek islands back to nearby Turkey has been suspended because Greek officials, too few in number, have been overwhelmed by the volume of asylum applications.

Source

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Sotomayor presides over same-sex wedding

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October 13, 2015 at 12:30 am EDT | by

Chris Johnson


U.S. Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor performed the wedding of Ingrid Duran and Catherine Pino. (photo courtesy Catherine Pino)



U.S. Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor officiated on Saturday the wedding of a lesbian couple with a history of LGBT advocacy, the Washington Blade has learned.

Sotomayor performed the wedding of Ingrid Duran and Catherine Pino, who are founders of D&P Creative Strategies. The organization seeks to increase the role of corporate, legislative and philanthropic efforts in addressing concerns of Latinos, women and LGBT people.

According to one source familiar with the event, the wedding took place in D.C. at Potomac View Terrace. U.S. Treasurer Rosa Gumataotao Rios, Rep. Xavier Beccera (D-Calif.), Rep. Lucille Roybal-Allard (D-Calif.), Rep. Grace Napolitano (D-Calif.) and Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Ariz.) were present for the ceremony, the source said.

Sotomayor is now the third sitting justice on the U.S. Supreme Court who is known to have performed a same-sex marriage. U.S. Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Elena Kagan have previously presided over such ceremonies. In August, Ginsburg also renewed the vows of U.S. ambassador to Vietnam Ted Osius to his spouse, Clayton Bond.

When the U.S. Supreme Court delivered its historic ruling for nationwide same-sex marriage in June, Sotomayor, an Obama appointee, joined U.S. Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy in the majority opinion. Sotomayor also was in the majority for the decision against the Defense of Marriage Act, but was in the dissent in the ruling that determined opponents of Prop 8 didn’t have standing in court, which restored marriage equality to California.



Source: http://www.washingtonblade.com/2015/10/13/sotomayor-presides-over-same-sex-wedding/



The Deception of Constantine



The Deception of Constantine


Published on Mar 22, 2014

I have entitled this youtube vid The Deception of Constantine:The beginnings Romanism. I recommend this vid for you to watch to understand how Constantine was used during the early 4th Century to create a New One World Religion based on Nimrod's Mystery Occult Babylonian Religion but Roman version populary know as MITHRAISM and mixing Judeo-Christian faith, which would give us an idea where Romanism really started. This is an excellent documentary roughly 45 minutes long documentary about Constantine based on archaelogical evidences and ancient writings portraying on how Constantine pretended to be a follower of Jesus of Nazareth. This documentary will take us to the true identity of Constantine, including what really is the spirit behind his fabrication of a New Roman Religion. Historical writings tells us that Constantine and Licinius issued the EDICT of MILAN that legalized Christianity and became the Offical Religion of the Roman Empire, hence Constantine became the First Emperor (First POPE?) of the Roman Catholic Empire and was also given honorary title and office of a bishop. more...http://ow.ly/i/4YjrU

COPYRIGHT BELONGS TO HISTORY CHANNEL. POSTED ON YOUTUBE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.


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Saturday, April 09, 2016

Sunday Rest in Amoris Laetitsia

(On Friday, April 8, 2016, when I heard of the release of the Pontiff of Rome's latest Apostolic Exhortation, I immediately wondered-- 
Is Sunday Rest mentioned in the Document?)  

What have I found? 

Amoris Laetitia,

chapter 9 – The spirituality of marriage and the family

By Pope Francis
April 8, 2016

....

318.  Family prayer is a special way of express-ing and strengthening this paschal faith.376 A few minutes can be found each day to come together before the living God, to tell him our worries, to ask for the needs of our family, to pray for someone experiencing difficulty, to ask for help in showing love, to give thanks for life and for its blessings, and to ask Our Lady to protect us beneath her maternal mantle. With a few simple words, this moment of prayer can do immense good for our families. The various expressions of popular piety are a treasure of spirituality for many families. The family’s communal journey of prayer culminates by sharing together in the Eucharist, especially in the context of the Sunday rest. Jesus knocks on the door of families, to share with them the Eucharistic supper (cf. Rev 3:20). There, spouses can always seal anew the paschal covenant which united them and which ought to reflect the covenant which God sealed with mankind in the cross.377 The Eucharist is the sacrament of the new covenant, where Christ’s redemptive work is carried out (cf. Lk 22:20). The close bond between married life and the Eucharist thus becomes all the more clear.378 For the food of the Eucharist offers the spouses the strength and incentive needed to live the marriage covenant each day as a “domestic church”.379


Read more


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Sunday as a Mark of Christian Unity



Sunday as a Mark of Christian Unity

Rev. Dr. Demetrios Tonias


“Sunday as a Mark of Christian Unity”
by Rev. Dr. Demetrios E. Tonias – Dean, Annunciation Greek Orthodox Cathedral of New England

The Christian Church, from its very beginning, has struggled with the concept of unity. Indeed, within the Pauline corpus we see the many ways in which the Apostle to the Gentiles struggled to keep together his young and fragile network of communities. As the church grew, there arose a variety of challenges, large and small, to threaten its unity. The Orthodox Christian Divine Liturgy bears witness to these challenges in the petitions and prayers, which are offered in the Eucharistic rite. We pray for “the unity of all,” “the unity of the faith,” for Christ to “reunite those separated” and to “unite us all to one another who become partakers of the one Bread and the Cup in the communion of the one Holy Spirit.” We recite the Nicene Creed with its portentous closing phrases stating belief in “One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church,” its sacred claim to “confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins”, and its exultation of Sunday as the Lord’s Day and the gift of resurrection with the statement “I look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the ages to come.”

The Divine Liturgy is, most certainly, a fitting place to offer such prayers and confessions of faith, for the preeminent celebration of the Liturgy takes place on Sunday. From the moment the myrrh bearers found Christ’s empty tomb, Sunday was known as ἡ Κυριακή ἡμέρα—the Lord’s Day. By definition, each and every Sunday is a call to Christian unity since it is on this day that we are called to communion with the Lord, by the Lord. In spite of all of the challenges that have tugged at the threads of Christian unity, the Lord’s Day remains the one, unassailable marker of Christian unity since it is on this day that all of us, despite our many differences, gather together as believers in Christ.

There were always differences about days and dates in the Christian world. There were divisions surrounding the dating of Pascha from the earliest years of Christianity. The Puritans rejected the commemoration of the birth of Christ on December 25 as unscriptural. The Lord’s Day, however, as a time of communal, Christian gathering has never been in question. The commemoration of the Lord’s Day is an historical reality that bears witness to the centrality of the Resurrection and all that this event meant and signifies for the cosmos. Therefore, what better marker of Christian unity can we have? Indeed, what stronger case can one make for the significance of Sunday as a hallmark of Christian unity than the understanding that Christians throughout the centuries have conceived of this day as a day of new creation, an eighth day set apart from all others.

For the Orthodox Christian mind, this historical relationship is critical to our understanding of Christian unity. For the Orthodox Christian, unity implies a transcendent ecumenicity—an ecumenicity that exists throughout time and space. It is a communion of all believers, at all times. Put simply, nothing in the calendar unites us like Sunday. It is a day that changed the world on the very first Sunday and, I would argue, every Sunday after the first. The world was transfigured through a myriad of Sunday’s when Christians gathered in communion and heard the Gospel message. It was on Sunday when Christians learned to love their enemies and care for those in need. It was on Sunday when Christians first met to share a meal of love they called by the Greek word ἀγάπη. It was, is, and shall always be on Sunday when the best hope for humanity shines forth from churches large and small and the “Eucharist after the Eucharist” travels forth from the four walls of the church and into the home and homeless shelter, the playground and the hospital, the wedding feast and the wake.

It is human nature to think parochially—in terms of our own family, our own exclusive church, our own unique religious entity. In this historical light, however, Sunday takes on a new meaning. Sunday worship is something more than simply what our parents and grandparents did. Sunday worship is even more than what our local faith community has done. Sunday worship is something that all Christians, at all times have celebrated. When we gather on Sunday the unity we achieve takes us back in time, across the ages to the earliest believer; it also moves us forward in time to embrace generations not yet born. In this way, the spiritual unity we have thus achieved possesses an eschatological character. The unity to which we bear witness and which we embody is a manifestation of the kingdom to which we all aspire.

In order to fully appreciate Sunday as a mark of Christian unity we must expand our definition of unity. We must all strive for a Christian community—one throughout the ages—for such a transcendent unity yields many fruits. If we are in union with the earliest Christians then we will share in their zeal. If we are in unity with the martyrs then we partake of their devotion. If we are in unity with those compassionate Christians then we feel and can bestow their healing touch. When we assemble in faith on Sundays, we gather not simply with other parishioners in a local place of worship, but with Christians throughout every land and all the ages—and there is no greater evidence of unity than this. In our century, as with its predecessors, challenges large and small threaten Sunday. However, when we stand in faith, as members of a Church beyond all churches, we reclaim Sunday for the God who gave it to us.



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Can we envision an International Festival of Young Preachers? in Rome?


Vatican Festival


This question first arose almost a year ago, in June of 2015. AoP president Dwight A. Moody huddled with Archbishop Joseph Kurtz of Louisville to discuss the matter. The two have been partners in the work of the AoP since the very first festival, January of 2010; the archbishop hosted the National Festival of Young Preachers twice in his Cathedral of the Assumption in Louisville (2011 and 2012). Together they wrote letters to Pope Frances and sent them by way of the papal nuncio in Washington DC. There was no response...until Sunday afternoon, January 3, 2016, right in the middle of the 2016 National Festival of Young Preachers. Kurtz received a letter from the Vatican, signed by the secretary of state, conveying greetings and blessings from Pope Francis to the "young men and women assembled in Lexington." Kurtz read the letter to the assembly that night in the sanctuary of the Broadway Christian Church.
Here is that letter:



In response and in an entirely unrehearsed way, we made a video to send to the Vatican, to Pope Francis, inviting him to host the first International Festival of Young Preachers in Rome. On the video are Archbishop Kurtz, President Moody, student Andrew Wellman, AoP'16 from the diocese of Toledo, and minister Aline Sylvia-Schriner, AoP'16, from Brazil by way of Kansas City (Central Baptist Theological Seminary). Even before the video has made its way, via the papal nuncio in Washington DC, it has been published throughout the Protestant and Catholic networks, and many people are praying for a successful presentation to the Vatican in the very near future.

Here is that video:
https://vimeo.com/151697598


Source

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10 CLUES that CLEARLY IDENTIFY the ANTICHRIST !!!





Amazing Prophecies

Published on Mar 21, 2016

If you don't know who the Antichrist is, you are setting yourself up for the mark of the beast! But you don't have to be in ignorance. The Bible gives us 10 clues that clearly identify the Antichrist. Watch this video to learn more!
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Clinton visits Brooklyn churches to talk gun violence


ERIN DURKIN
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
04/03/2016 8:36 PM ET




CRAIG RUTTLE/AP
Hillary Clinton speaks with children after she addressed members of the Christian Cultural Center church in Brooklyn on Sunday.


Hillary Clinton stumped at black churches in Brooklyn Sunday, touting her tough stance on guns as she sought support in her home state’s primary against Bernie Sanders.

Clinton also vowed to improve strained relations between police and black communities — and was joined by Nicole Bell, the fiancée of police shooting victim Sean Bell, who endorsed her Sunday.

“I have been privileged to meet with so many family members who have lost loved ones to gun violence sometimes at the hands of police, most times senseless random terrible violence,” Clinton said at the Christian Cultural Center in Canarsie, one of three borough churches she visited.


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Clinton contrasted her gun control stance with that of Sanders, who she criticized for voting to give immunity to gun makers and against the Brady bill.

“That’s a big difference between me and my opponent,” she said at Brown Memorial Baptist Church in Clinton Hill. “He has voted with the National Rifle Association and the big gun lobby.”

“You have 90 people a day dying from gun violence, 33,000 a year. . . . Gun deaths are the number one cause of death for young African-American men, more than the next nine causes put together,” she said.


SUNDAY REST LAWS (Strange side of Jewish history)



American weekends were once ruled by strict Sunday laws. They governed what to do – attend church with risk of decapitation for non-compliance – and what was forbidden – work or travel. Even George Washington was once halted during a journey and warned that he was violating a Connecticut statute that forbade Sunday jaunts. Tragically, such laws caused many Jews to desert shemiras Shabbos in favor of a healthier wallet.

Long Weekends


For Jews, the problem would never have existed had Christians clung to their original day of rest . Saturday. But as they went about creating a new religion, Christians dropped Jewish practices. They got rid of Shabbos and promoted Sunday as a holy day. This tendency was translated into law by Constantine the Great, the monarch who appointed Christianity as official religion of the Eastern Roman Empire. “On the venerable day of the Sun,” Constantine’s law read, “let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. In the country however persons engaged in agriculture may freely and lawfully continue their pursuits because it often happens that another day is not suitable for gain-sowing or vine planting; lest by neglecting the proper moment for such operations the bounty of heaven should be lost.” (Lex Constantini a. 321).

Many Christians were reluctant to desert Saturday observance while others observed both Saturday and Sunday. This prompted the Church Council of Ladodicea to issue an injunction in about 364 c.e. that, “Christians must not Judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honoring [Sunday]; and, if they can, resting then as Christians.”

In some locales dual observance of Saturday and Sunday persisted for centuries. The practice existed in 12th Century Wales, was suppressed in Norway during the 15th Century, and survived in Ethiopia until modern times. But in general, Saturday observance became an anomaly among Christians.


It is fascinating to note that in at least one instance early Christians passed legislation protecting the right of Saturday rest. This was in the year 409 when the Eastern Roman Empire decreed that “on the Sabbath and other day during which the Jews pay respect to their own mode of worship, we enjoin that no one shall do anything or ought to be sued in any way with regard to public taxes and private litigations. It is plain that the rest of the days can suffice.”

Strict Sunday laws became common throughout Europe and moved to America. One example is an early 1650 Sunday law of Massachusetts that declaimed in archaic English: “Further be it enacted that whosoever shall prophane [Sunday] be doeing any servill worke or any such like abuses, shall forfeite for every such default tenn shillings or be whipte.”

Sunday legislation had a very negative effect on Jewish observance. Two centuries ago, the wealthy Joseph Marx of Richmond complained that “nothing has so seriously caused us to reject our religion as the Christian policy of adopting a different Sabbath, the force of example at least, would carry Jews to the Synagogue when Christians mass to the Churches, nay there would not be the same clashing of interests, nor a day of labor lost.”

The Shabbos Clash  When shomrei Shabbos Jews complained against the unfairness of penalizing them with two workless days, American courts had mixed reactions. The first such case was in 1816 when a Jew contended that as a staunchShabbos observer he should be exempt from the double indemnity of resting on Sunday and Shabbos. For the court this was a non sequiturand his claim was rejected.

In 1833, Alexander Marks and another Jew argued in a Columbia, Ohio court that the first amendment should guarantee free conscience for all and no one should have to rest on another man’s holy day. But the bug of misfortune bit again. The court countered that Sunday laws were for the benefit of society and not religion.

Other courts were more egalitarian. In about 1845 a court in Hamilton County, Ohio, let off some Jews who had been fined for doing business on Sunday. The Sunday laws were unconstitutional, the court argued, and a Jew who observes Shabbos could practice his avocation on another day so long as he was not a nuisance to the public.

In 1849 the State of Virginia amended its Sunday laws and granted shomrei Shabbos Jews the right to open their businesses. “And the said forfeiture [of paying two dollars for each offence of working on Sunday],” read the amendment, “shall not be incurred by any person who conscientiously believes that the seventh day of the week ought to be observed as a Sabbath, and actually refrains from all secular business and labor on that day, provided he does not compel a slave, apprentice, or servant not of his belief to do secular work or business on Sunday, and does not on that day disturb any other person.” Isaac Leeser’s Occident newspaper exulted: “At length we see daylight; reason and true liberty have triumphed in Virginia over the narrow-sighted bigotry which can only see right on its own side of the question. We rejoice at this enlightened legislation, not that we wish the Jews to open their shops in large Christian communities, and invite persons to come and deal with them in violation of their principles; but wish them to be at liberty to act at their pleasure, to open or close their places of business as they may see fit.”

Despite flashes in the pan, the friction Jews endured to keep a different day of rest led extreme reform rabbis such as Samuel Hirsh (who served as a temple minister in the US from 1866-1888) to advocate changing the Jewish day of rest from Saturday to Sunday. Even reformers considered this idea grotesque and it came to nothing.

Havoc in New York

The Sunday laws wreaked havoc in New York. The massive influx of Jews between 1880 and 1890 when the Jewish population of New York leapt from about 80,000 to almost 600,000 coincided with a religious revival of Protestants who believed it was time to create a Christian state.

As one journal editor put it, “The heathen may just as well understand now as later that we are going to have a quiet and Christian Sunday in this country and if they do not like it they can emigrate to the heathen countries from which most of them came.”

A penal code with stringent Sunday amendments passed in 1881 was increasingly enforced as the years rolled on. Jewish Peddlers who didn’t want to lose a day of work paid protection money to policemen who would surreptitiously mark the carts of non-contributors with the letter c and earmark them for arrest. The number of Jews penalized for working on Sunday jumped from only 13 in 1884 to 295 in 1903, a total during those nine years of 4,712. “The struggle for a living is hard and painful,” it was reported. “The average Jew is not only unable to celebrate all the feast days; he barely preserves the sanctity of the Sabbath . in many cases he is forced to work on the Sabbath.” By World War II, twenty-four of the Union’s forty-eight states still prohibited work on Sunday, while most of the rest of the states only granted partial exemptions to shomrei Shabbos. In 1961 four legal battles in the Supreme Court strove and failed to ease the lot of Shabbos observers.

In the “Gallapher versus Crown Kosher Supermarket” case, a shomer Shabbos supermarket raised the argument that it was unconstitutional to foist Sunday as the Sabbath day of the whole country. The court countered that although the Sunday law was originally instated for religious reasons, modifications over the years such as allowing dancing and most sports indicated that the present purpose of the law was more geared towards rest than religion.

As for the argument that closing down for two days was a deprivation of religious freedom, the court rejected it on the grounds of the verdict earlier that year: “If the state regulates conduct by enacting a general law within its power, the purpose and effect of which is to advance the state’s secular goals, the statute is valid despite its indirect burden on religious observance unless the state may accomplish its purpose by means which do not impose such a burden.”

Decade by decade, the Sunday laws lost their sting. To a large extent, the beleaguered Sunday laws are now historical artifacts even where they are still on the books. This is largely due to economical pressures and a drop in old time religiosity.

But the jig isn’t up. A vestige of Sunday Law survives in Bergen County of New Jersey. Despite the state of New Jersey repealing its Blue Law in 1959, Bergen County took advantage of local jurisdictions being free to make their own restrictions and disallows the sale of clothing furniture appliances, home and office furnishings, and building and lumber supplies.

Paramus, NJ, home to several mega-malls and large stores, has even stricter rules and prohibits selling almost anything except newspapers and magazines, some foodstuffs, and a handful of other products.

This is ironic as the county is not particularly religious. Last year there was talk of repealing Bergen County’s Sunday law that is estimated to cripple 3,200 potential jobs and over $1.1 billion in annual sales. But for once the almighty dollar does not reign supreme. The Bergen county mavericks prefer peace and quiet over traffic jams and hustling in local malls.

(Sources: Paul Djupe and Laura Olson, “Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics,” New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2003; David N. Laband, Deborah Hendry Heinbuch, “Blue laws: the history, economics, and politics of Sunday-closing law,” 2008; Batya Miller, “Enforcement of the Sunday closing laws on the lower east side, 1882-1903,” Albert M. Friedenberg,”.The Jews and the Sunday Laws,” American Jewish Historical Society, 11, 1903. Myron Berman,”Richmond’s Jewry, 1769-1976: Shabbat in Shockoe,. University of Virginia Press, 1979.)


Friday, April 08, 2016

Happy Sabbath


The Establishment Clause: Separation of Church and State



Assign Concept Reading


As part of the First Amendment's religious freedom guarantees, the Establishment Clause requires a separation of church and state.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.


Distinguish the Establishment Clause from other clauses of the First Amendment

KEY POINTS

The Establishment Clause prohibits the creation of a national religion, and also prohibits the US government from favoring one religion over another or excessively entangling itself with religious issues or groups.

Thomas Jefferson is often cited as being the one who introduced the concept of the separation of church and state.
The Establishment Clause has been incorporated against the states via theFourteenth Amendment. However, the process has been tricky, as it is argued that the Fourteenth Amendment speaks to individual rights, while the Establishment Clause does not.

The Supreme Court has made judgments on three main questions: can the US government give financial assistance to religious groups? Is state-sanctioned prayer in public schools acceptable? Are religious displays in government-affiliated places acceptable?

The "Lemon Test," established by Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) provided a three-part test for determining whether or not a law or act violates the Establishment Clause.


Papal official denies report Sanders invited himself to Vatican



Fri Apr 8, 2016 | 2:42 PM EDT


Sanders invited himself to Vatican


U.S. Democratic presidential candidate and U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders waits to talk to reporters in New York City April 8, 2016.
REUTERS/BRIAN SNYDER




VATICAN CITY/WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders was invited to speak at an April 15 Vatican event by the Vatican, a senior papal official said on Friday, denying a report that Sanders had invited himself.

"I deny that. It was not that way," Monsignor Marcelo Sanchez Sorondo told Reuters in a telephone interview while he was traveling in New York. Sorondo, a close aide to Pope Francis, is chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, which is hosting the event.

He said it was his idea to invite Sanders.

A Bloomberg report quoted Margaret Archer, president of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, as saying that Sanders had broken with protocol by failing to contact her office first.

"This is not true and she knows it. I invited him with her consensus," said Sorondo, who is senior to Archer.

An invitation to Sanders dated March 30, which was emailed to Reuters, was signed by Sorondo and also included Archer's name.



(Reporting By Philip Pullella in Vatican City and Alana Wise in Washington; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama, Toni Reinhold)




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Bernie Sanders to Speak at Vatican City About Social Justice




—Inae Oh on Fri. April 8, 2016 8:16 AM PDT


Sen. Bernie Sanders has accepted an invitation to speak at the Vatican for a conference on social justice next week. The April 15th event, which will be hosted by the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, is scheduled to cover a number of the Democratic presidential hopeful's signature campaign issues, including income inequality and the environment.


NEW: @BernieSanders invited to speak at the Vatican: 'I am a big, big fan of the Pope'https://t.co/H3hsF1W5te— Morning Joe (@Morning_Joe) April 8, 2016

Sanders' appearance at Vatican City will come just days before the New York primary on April 19.

"I am delighted to have been invited by the Vatican to a meeting on restoring social justice and environmental sustainability to the world economy," Sanders announced in a statement on Friday.

"Pope Francis has made clear that we must overcome 'the globalization of indifference' in order to reduce economic inequalities, stop financial corruption, and protect the natural environment. That is our challenge in the United States and in the world."



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Summary of Amoris Laetitia (“The Joy of Love”, the post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation)



RORATE CÆLI


An International Traditional Catholic Weblog

Summary of Amoris Laetitia


UPDATE: Link to full text included

UPDATE (4/08/16 10:45 AM GMT): The full text of Amoris Laetitia is now online.



Original posting time: April 8, 2016, 1:12 AM GMT: Summary of Amoris Laetitia:
On Love in the Family

It is not by chance that Amoris Laetitia (AL), “The Joy of Love”, the post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation “on Love in the Family”, was signed on 19 March, the Solemnity of Saint Joseph. It brings together the results of the two Synods on the family convoked by Pope Francis in 2014 and 2015. It often cites their Final Reports; documents and teachings of his Predecessors; and his own numerous catecheses on the family. In addition, as in previous magisterial documents, the Pope also makes use of the contributions of various Episcopal Conferences around the world (Kenya, Australia, Argentina...) and cites significant figures such as Martin Luther King and Erich Fromm. The Pope even quotes the film Babette’s Feast to illustrate the concept of gratuity.


Introduction (1-7)


The Apostolic Exhortation is striking for its breadth and detail. Its 325 paragraphs are distributed over nine chapters. The seven introductory paragraphs plainly set out the complexity of a topic in urgent need of thorough study. The interventions of the Synod Fathers make up [form] a “multifaceted gem” (AL 4), a precious polyhedron, whose value must be preserved. But the Pope cautions that “not all discussions of doctrinal, moral or pastoral issues need to be settled by interventions of the magisterium”. Indeed, for some questions, “each country or region … can seek solutions better suited to its culture and sensitive to its traditions and local needs. For ‘cultures are in fact quite diverse and every general principle … needs to be inculturated, if it is to be respected and applied’” (AL 3). This principle of inculturation applies to how problems are formulated and addressed and, apart from the dogmatic issues that have been well defined by the Church’s magisterium, none of this approach can be “globalized”. In his address at the end of the 2015 Synod, the Pope said very clearly: “What seems normal for a bishop on one continent, is considered strange and almost scandalous – almost! – for a bishop from another; what is considered a violation of a right in one society is an evident and inviolable rule in another; what for some is freedom of conscience is for others simply confusion.”

The Pope clearly states that we need above all to avoid a sterile juxtaposition between demands for change and the general application of abstract norms. He writes: “The debates carried on in the media, in certain publications and even among the Church’s ministers, range from an immoderate desire for total change without sufficient reflection or grounding, to an attitude that would solve everything by applying general rules or deriving undue conclusions from particular theological considerations” (AL 2).

Thursday, April 07, 2016

20,000 lesbians in the desert: welcome to the Dinah, a world without men



For five days in Palm Springs, Arwa Mahdawi entered an alternate reality where gay women celebrate each other with pool parties, dancing and debauchery

Every year at the end of March, 20,000 lesbians from around the world fly into the Californian desert for five days of debauchery, and I’m one of them. It’s my second time at the Dinah, also known as the largest girl festival in the world. I’m staying at the Hilton in Palm Springs, which is hosting the famous Dinah pool parties, and the hotel feels like a homosexual harem.

It’s a surreal experience: for a few days the world is turned upside down, the minority is suddenly the majority. Everywhere you look, lesbians are smiling, drinking, dancing, kissing. There are a few men around – staff working the event and guys who have been dragged along by lesbian friends – but they are hard to spot. It’s basically entirely queer women in attendance.

The party is named after the Dinah Shore golf tournament, started in 1972 by the eponymous entertainer. Dinah Shore wasn’t a lesbian (she’d be doing somersaults in her grave if she knew what her moniker was attached to now), but golf seems to attract a lot of lesbians. A sapphic scene sprouted up around the golf tournament, and the Dinah was born. It’s now in its 26th year.

The Dinah festival: 20,000 lesbians party in the desert.


Laws of Attraction



 


EvenAtTheDoors


Published on Apr 7, 2016


Sex is a very complex and ignored issue. Why doesn't anybody want to talk about it and what effect is the silence having on this generation?

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US stocks slump broadly, led by banks



Marley Jay, Ap Markets Writer


Updated 2:17 pm, Thursday, April 7, 2016




This July 9, 2015 photo shows a Wall Street sign near the New York Stock Exchange in New York. Stock markets turned lower in European trading on Thursday, April 7, 2016 as a rebound in oil prices ran out of ... more Photo: Seth Wenig, AP



US stocks slump broadly, led by banks



NEW YORK (AP) — U.S. stocks are sinking toward their biggest loss in two months Thursday as banks and technology companies skid. Bond yields are falling and the dollar continues to weaken compared to the Japanese yen. Stocks are on pace to fall for the third day this week.

KEEPING SCORE: The Dow Jones industrial average fell 227 points, or 1.3 percent, to 17,488 as of 3:01 p.m. Eastern time. The Standard & Poor's 500 index shed 32 points, or 1.6 percent, to 2,034. The Nasdaq composite index lost 88 points, or 1.8 percent, to 4,832.



BROAD SLUMP: All 10 industrial sectors of the S&P 500 traded lower. Financial companies took some of the largest losses. Goldman Sachs slid $5.19, or 3.3 percent, to $150 and Citigroup lost $1.87, or 4.5 percent, to $39.99 while JPMorgan Chase dipped $1.73, or 3 percent, to $57.08.

Scott Wren, senior global equity strategist for Wells Fargo's Investment Institute, said banks are struggling because interest rates remain low and economic growth is sluggish.

WHERE TO: Stocks have gradually lost momentum over the last few weeks after a furious rally that wiped out most of their losses from early 2016. Wren said stocks are rising and falling based on how investors expect the global economy to do.


"People are worried about growth today," he said. "It's the same fears that have been kind of going back and forth in the market for a year or more."

LOSING: eBay led tech stocks lower as it fell $1.41, or 5.5 percent, to $24.02 and Apple gave up $2.40, or 2.2 percent, to $108.56. Telecommunications companies continued to struggle and Verizon fell $1.58, or 2.9 percent, to $51.94.

WYNN-ING: Wynn Resorts jumped $8.77, or 9.8 percent, to $98.32 after the hotel and casino company proposed a new development. Wynn said it wants to build a recreational lake and hotel behind its Wynn Las Vegas property.


ENERGY: Benchmark U.S. crude fell 49 cents, or 1.3 percent, to $37.26 per barrel in New York. Brent crude, used to price international oils, dropped 41 cents to $39.43 a barrel in London.

BONDS, CURRENCIES: U.S. government bond prices rose. The yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note fell to 1.69 percent from 1.76 percent. The dollar continued to weaken against the yen, falling to 108.37 from 109.62 yen. The dollar is at its lowest price compared to the yen in almost a year and a half. The euro declined to $1.1364 from $1.1410.

TAP THE BRAKES: Used car dealership chain CarMax reported strong fourth-quarter results, but its stock lost $4.47, or 8.4 percent, to $48.82. The company said it faced a tougher sales environment in the second half of the fiscal year.

RETAIL RESULTS: Wholesale club operator Costco declined after the company disclosed its March sales. Its stock fell $5.18, or 3.3 percent, to $151.59. Retailer Ollie's Bargain Hunting Outlet Holdings traded higher after it announced solid quarterly results. The stock climbed $2.23, or 9.8 percent, to $24.93.

METALS: The price of gold rose $13.70 or 1.1 percent, to settle at $1,237.50 an ounce and silver gained 10 cents to $15.16 an ounce. Copper plunged seven cents, or 3.1 percent, to $2.08 a pound.

OTHER ENERGY TRADING: Wholesale gasoline fell 1 cent to $1.38 a gallon. Heating oil slipped 1 cent to $1.13 a gallon. Natural gas rose 11 cents, or 5.6 percent, to $2.02 per 1,000 cubic feet.

GOOD FIT: HanesBrands said it will buy Champion Europe. HanesBrands owns Champion and the deal gives it control of a company that owned the Champion trademark in Europe as well as the Middle East and Africa. It recently made a similar deal in Japan unit as well. The underwear, T-shirt and sock maker's stock added 54 cents, or 2 percent, to $27.64.

EAT UP: ConAgra Foods added 50 cents to $45.93. The maker of Chef Boyardee, Hebrew National hot dogs and other packaged foods reported third-quarter profit and sales were stronger than expected.

UNEMPLOTMENT AID: Applications for unemployment benefits fell slightly last week, according to the Labor Department. That shows employers aren't slashing jobs even though there are signs economic growth is weak.

OVERSEAS: Germany's DAX fell 1 percent and the CAC-40 in France shed 0.9 percent. Britain's FTSE 100 lost 0.4 percent. In Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 advanced 0.2 percent and Hong Kong's Hang Seng added 0.3 percent. Seoul's Kospi added 0.1 percent.

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AP Markets Writer Marley Jay can be reached at http://twitter.com/MarleyJayAP His work can be found at http://bigstory.ap.org/journalist/marley-jay


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The Temple Of Baal Coming To New York Will Be Followed By Hundreds More All Over The World



By Michael Snyder, on March 23rd, 2016





The reproductions of the 50 foot arch that stood at the Temple of Baal in Palmyra, Syria that will be erected in New York City and London next month will only be the first of many. As you will see below, it turns out that there are plans to put arches in hundreds more cities all over the globe. The organization behind this is the Institute of Digital Archaeology, which is a joint venture between Harvard University, the University of Oxford and Dubai’s Museum of the Future. The initial arches from the Temple of Baal that will be erected in New York and London as part of UNESCO’s World Heritage Week in April are intended “as a gesture of defiance“, but ultimately the plan is to share this “cultural treasure” with as many cities around the planet as possible.

If you go to Times Square in New York or Trafalgar Square in London late next month, you will not be able to miss these giant arches. According to the New York Post, they will be 48 feet high and 23 feet wide…


The life-size model of the original 2,000-year-old structure, known as the Arch of the Temple of Bel, will stand approximately 48 feet high and 23 feet wide.

It will be one of two constructed in China for exhibition likely in Times Square and London’s Trafalgar Square as part of a World Heritage Week event in April 2016, said Roger Michel, executive director for the Institute for Digital Archaeology.

I suppose that it is appropriate that these giant arches are going to be made in China, because it seems like almost everyone is being made over there these days.

But these are not the only two giant arches that are going to be made. That same article from the New York Post says that the Institute for Digital Archaeology ultimately hopes to put 1,000 of these arches in cities all over the globe…


The institute plans to construct approximately 1,000 such versions of the arch in cities throughout the world.

If you are anything like me, this is an extremely disturbing development. Baal worship is definitely not something that we should be celebrating as a society. There were very good reasons why the God of the Bible found it so incredibly repulsive. The following description of what went on during Baal worship comes from Scott Brown…


We know that there were usually lots of people gathered, often on a high hill (like a theatre or stadium) to observe public sex, just like we see in movies and television and on the internet (Numbers 22:41, I Kings 12:25-33). We think that our watching these things is different than the idolatry of old, but this is not so.

The whole community came out and all of the best pagan ideas for success in crops and fertility were promoted, just like a business seminar that promotes unbiblical ideas that justify the worldliness of its origin.

The wicked personalities (promoters and performers) were respected and given the platform (like rock stars and Hollywood’s “People’.) Some of them were great dancers (like Brittany Spears and Madonna) while others were great musicians (like Mick Jagger and Paul McCartney) (I Kings 15:12-14). In our day, people who go to our churches celebrate celebrities when they should be doing the opposite. Psalm 101:1, 3 says “I will walk in my house… I will set no wicked thing before my eyes…”

People danced around the Asherah pole, which was nothing more than a phallic symbol. It is quite possible that these poles functioned somewhat like the poles in what are called, “gentlemen’s clubs.” The people also acted out lustful, licentious, bawdy scenes for the enjoyment of all who came (Isaiah 57:5-8; Deuteronomy 23:17).They had all the different kinds of sexual experiences on display including men with women, men with men and all of the combinations that are popular today in sit-coms, movies and news reports. On top of that, they invited the crowd to participate (I Kings 14:24).

In addition to everything that you just read, child sacrifice was a central feature of Baal worship. This is what Jeremiah 10:4-6 says…


4 Because they have forsaken me, and have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods, whom neither they nor their fathers have known, nor the kings of Judah, and have filled this place with the blood of innocents;

5 They have built also the high places of Baal, to burn their sons with fire for burnt offerings unto Baal, which I commanded not, nor spake it, neither came it into my mind:

6 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that this place shall no more be called Tophet, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, but The valley of slaughter.

We like to think that we are so much more advanced than people back then, but are we really?

Just like ancient Baal worshippers, we are a society that is addicted to watching other people have sex. In fact, it has been estimated that 68 percent of all Christian men watch pornography on a regular basis.

And just like ancient Baal worshippers, we are a society that is engaged in child sacrifice. We call it “abortion”, but the motives are still the same. If an unplanned or unwanted pregnancy comes along, we have a mechanism “for getting rid of it” just like they did.

Since Roe v. Wade was decided in 1973, we have slaughtered more than 58 million of our own children. I would venture to say that the ancient Baal worshippers never got quite that much blood on their own hands.

On one level, I find it quite ironic that a reproduction of part of the Temple of Baal is going up in Times Square. David Wilkerson once preached a message entitled “Tearing Down The Altars Of Baal” at Times Square Church, and now a monument to Baal is actually being erected in Times Square.

In our next video, my wife and I will be covering all of this. When it is published, you will be able to find it on our YouTube channel. And don’t forget to hit the red subscribe button on the right hand side of our YouTube page.

Many people regard America as modern day Babylon, and now we are going to have a monument that directly links us to ancient Babylon right in the heart of our most important city.


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A test, a cure: North Country veterans battle hepatitis C




Listen to the Story

    

 


Veterans in the Champlain Valley are celebrating a national victory for servicemen and...



Mar 30, 2016 — by Zach Hirsch (Plattsburgh Correspondent) , in Morrisonville, NY



Danny Kaifetz said he contracted hepatitis C while serving in the Marine Corps. "I promised to put my life on the line for this country. And I never thought it would be in this manner or at this deferred date," he said. Photo: Zach Hirsch






Mar 30, 2016 — Veterans in the Champlain Valley are celebrating a national victory for servicemen and women who have hepatitis C, a potentially lethal liver disease common among people who served in the Vietnam War.

There is a cure. And now, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs said it will give that cure to all veterans with hepatitis C. In an announcement earlier this month, the VA said it can afford that thanks to a boost from Congress. The drugs are also starting to become more affordable.

It’s a huge relief for American Legion Post 1619, near Plattsburgh. The veterans there have been hard at work for months fighting to get people the treatment they need, and trying to end the stigma associated with the disease.

On a Friday afternoon about a month ago, it was happy hour at the American Legion Post in Morrisonville, just west of Plattsburgh. People ate and drank beer at the bar, and downstairs, nurses from the local hospital turned the basement into a clinic. They offered free, anonymous testing for hepatitis C virus, or HCV.

“And it’s just like a diabetes test. One drop of blood, bingo, 20 minutes, you’re on your way,” said Mike Rock, the post’s commander. He’s been trying to spread the word that Vietnam War-era veterans have a high chance of having HCV. Civilians born between 1945 and 1965 are also considered at risk.

Hepatitis C virus was discovered in the late 1980s. It became clear that people were catching it from blood-to-blood contact: blood transfusions, organ transplants, and dangerous behaviors, like taking intravenous drugs.



Vietnam veterans say it was common practice to in inoculate hundreds of soldiers with the same jet gun. Photo provided by Kaifetz



The jet gun used air pressure to inject multiple vaccines in one shot without the use of a needle. Veterans say it still drew blood. Use of the gun was discontinued in 1997. Photo: Danny Kaifetz



For a lot of veterans, the chief suspect is a scary-looking device called the jet injector gun. From the 1960s up to 1997, the military used it to give soldiers multiple vaccines in one shot using air pressure. During the Vietnam War, it was common practice to inoculate hundreds of soldiers with the same gun.

“If you were supposedly completely motionless the air pressure, 150 pounds of air pressure, forced this tiny stream of vaporized liquid and air through your skin without the use of a needle. The problem was it hurt like hell and everybody flinched when you got that shot,” said Danny Kaifetz, medical information officer with the American Legion post. He’s the leader of the public awareness campaign. He has HCV.

He said when soldiers flinched, their skin broke and bled. And since the injector gun was right up against the arm, blood got on the gun and inside the vaccine chamber. “So you had an unsterilized gun in untrained hands pulling blood out of one person and giving it to another,” Kaifetz said.

There’s a huge debate about the jet injector gun. Veterans, their advocates, and some doctors say the gun likely transmitted hepatitis C. The Defense Department and the VA mostly reject that idea. Federal officials didn’t want to go on tape for this story, but in emails said there is no scientific evidence the gun spread the virus.



It’s Time to Win! We will draw the winner of a Mirror Lake Inn Resort and Spa package when we reach the $175,000 mark toward our Fall Fundraiser goal. Just $6,426 to go, so enter soon!

But the VA said a link between the jet injector gun and the disease is “biologically plausible.” It’s a huge deal for Kaifetz and the more than 200,000 veterans believed to have HCV. It means they are sick because of a military practice – not from something they did wrong, something taboo like taking intravenous drugs.

“We wanted to make the jet gun the great equalizer, that a guy can look at his 14-year-old daughter and say I’m going to get tested for hep-C. The jet gun washed away the stigma of even getting tested,” Kaifetz said. He was in the Marine Corps in the 1970s. He said the jet gun must have been what gave him HCV, because he never ended up seeing combat. “I was diagnosed in 2011. In 2012 I was told I was neither a candidate for treatment nor for transplant. So basically my options were zero,” he said.

He waited years before he told anyone he was sick. He said he didn’t want people to feel sorry for him. Then, at the end of last year, his American Legion Post was remembering veterans who died from HCV. “And that’s when I came forward and said I’m going to try to help others from going through this dark uncertainty because it’s very hard on you psychologically,” Kaifetz said.

Hepatitis C virus used to be a death sentence, but now there are drugs almost guaranteed to cure it. And Kaifetz just started the treatment. He got the call from the VA hospital in Albany last month. “You know when I thought back, and I’ll tell you what got me through it is my oath of enlistment. I promised to put my life on the line for this country. And I never thought it would be in this manner or at this deferred date, but I told myself, I said, ‘You still are obligated to that oath you took.’ I apologize," he said. "This isn’t the – you talked about why don’t you tell people you’re sick. I guess this is part of it. It’s never an easy conversation.”




Kaifetz hosted a free, anonymous hepatitis C screening at American Legion Post 1619 last month. Photo: Mountain Lake PBS.



Back at the American Legion Post in Morrisonville, the free HCV screening was a huge success. Four hundred veterans were tested. Kaifetz said there were “multiple positive tests,” although he won't say how many. Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital, the hospital that helped with the testing, also has not released the results.

He said the next step is to test veterans in other parts of the state. “I know our post would like to serve as the blue print for other posts,” Kaifetz said.

As for Kaifetz, he just wants to focus on getting better. He said his energy is low and he looks at the calendar every day, wondering when he’ll start to feel a difference.

Thanks to Mountain Lake PBS for help with some of the audio in this story.



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Dialogue – a vital issue for the Church and for Europe



The Church can only carry on a meaningful dialogue with the outside world if she is committed to an internal culture of dialogue.




In Article 17 of the Lisbon Treaty, the European Union undertakes to hold an “open, transparent and regular dialogue” with the churches and religious communities. This dialogue, carried out at various levels, also includes EuropeInfos. This publication puts forward comments with a Christian perspective on current issues of the European Union, proposed in the spirit of dialogue.

Dialogue does not mean a non-committal conversation with all, but a mutual search for the truth and a meaningful basis for decision-making. Dialogue requires openness on both sides and a willingness to move towards the other. Dialogue cannot succeed where only one side is willing to learn.

One of the major steps forward taken by the Second Vatican Council was the development of an understanding of the importance of dialogue to the Church, both internally and towards others. Above all, with the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et Spes, the Church entered into an open dialogue with the modern world. Based on the same dignity and the sense of the faith of all members of the People of God, the Church Constitution Lumen Gentiumcreated new prerequisites for internal dialogue within the Church. The Council expressly recognised that there was a legitimate variety of opinions within the Church. In so doing, the Catholic Church did away with a self-image based on a pyramidal, authoritarian hierarchy.

In his encyclical “Ecclesiam suam” (1964), Pope Paul VI explored the significance of dialogue to the Church in greater depth. He saw it as an essential feature of the Church, with its roots in the Revelation itself, as a dialogue between God and people. In relation to the Church’s evangelistic mission it means that: “Before we can convert the world – as the very condition of converting the world – we must approach it and speak to it.”

The Council provided for the institutionalisation of the dialogue within the Church by setting up the Synod of Bishops as a permanent institution, seen by Pope Francis as a place of common spiritual discernment. In his opening address to the Synod of Bishops in 2014, he specified “speaking openly” as a fundamental requirement of synodality. The Pope deems different opinions and discussions to be necessary to the process of spiritual discernment. The basic right to freedom of opinion also applies within the Church.

A willingness to enter into dialogue is an essential criterion for the credibility of the Church. A Church that refuses dialogue refutes itself. Young people in particular are sensitive towards discrepancies between the words and the actions of those who see it as their task to spread Christian beliefs and attitudes. Christians should be more open to dialogue, as they relate not only to themselves but also to others, and even risk failure. A willingness to enter into honest dialogue has the quality of preaching.

Dialogue is also an essential dimension in the political process of the European Union. Dialogue characterised the initial stages of European unification, when statesmen of European states that had formerly been enemies sat down together around the table. The joint political decisions of the twenty eight Member States are also made in a spirit of dialogue. The “confessional procedure” with its religious connotations has become an established description of dialogues between politicians in crisis situations.

Dialogue is not a matter of style, but a vital issue for the Church and for Europe. Against this background, the interventions in the February edition of EuropeInfos were highly problematic and went counter to the culture of dialogue. Our review was forced by the Polish and Hungarian Bishops’ Conferences to withdraw two articles without the editors being given any fully understandable reasons. Dialogue should also be the medium whereby differences of opinion and conflicts are resolved between Christians. The deciding factor must be the authority of the arguments, not the argument of authority.



Martin Maier SJ

JESC



Translated from the original text in German



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Federal Reserve Grapples With Slowing Economy



April 6, 2016



Alex Wong/Getty ImagesFederal Reserve Board Chair Janet Yellen speaks during a news conference March 16, 2016 in Washington, DC.
Newly released minutes show policymakers' discussions



(WASHINGTON)— Federal Reserve policymakers grappled at their last meeting over how to respond to a slowing global economy. They ultimately decided to leave a key policy rate unchanged despite arguments by some officials that delaying further rate hikes could be risky.

Minutes of the Fed’s March 15-16 meeting showed that several participants argued for “proceeding cautiously” with future rate hikes because of global risks such as weaker growth in China. But the minutes said a couple of officials believed a rate hike at the March meeting would be “appropriate.”

The Fed voted 9-1 to leave its key rate unchanged. Fed Chair Janet Yellen last week signaled her concerns about raising rates too quickly given headwinds facing the U.S. economy. Most economists forecast no rate hike in April.


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