Elihu Yale, (April 5, 1649 in Boston, Massachusetts, America – July 8, 1721 in Wrexham, Denbighshire, Wales), was the first benefactor of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut in the United States.
Life
Born in Boston, Massachusetts to David Yale (1613-1690) and Ursula Knight (1624-1698). His grandmother, Ann Lloyd (1591-1659), was also the wife of Governor Theophilus Eaton (1590-1657) of New Haven Colony by a second marriage, after her first husband, Thomas Yale (1590-1619), suddenly died at Chester, in England. Yale moved to England with his family when he was four, and never returned to North America.
Yale's ancestry can be traced back to the family estate at Plas yn Iâl near the village of Llanarmon yn Iâl, Denbighshire, Wales. The name Yale is the English spelling of the Welsh place name, Iâl.
For 20 years, Yale was part of the British East India Company, and he became the second governor of a settlement at Madras (present-day city of Chennai) in 1687, after Streynsham Master. He was instrumental in the development of the Government General Hospital which was housed at Fort St George [1]. Yale amassed a fortune in his lifetime, largely through secret contracts with Madras merchants, against the East India Company's directive. By 1692, Elihu Yale's repeated flouting of East India Company regulations, and growing embarrassment at his illegal profiteering resulted in his being relieved of the post of governor.[2]
In 1718, Cotton Mather contacted Yale and asked for his help. Mather represented a small institution of learning that had been founded as the Collegiate School of Connecticut in 1701, and it needed money for a new building in New Haven, Connecticut. Yale sent Mather a carton of goods that the school subsequently sold, earning them 560 pounds sterling, which was a substantial sum in the early 1700s. In gratitude, officials named the new building Yale; eventually the entire institution became Yale College.
Corrupt Governance
As governor of Fort St. George, Yale purchased territory for private purposes with East India Company funds, including a fort at Tevnapatam (present-day Cuddalore). Yale was responsible for imposing high taxes for the maintainance of the colonial garrison and town. His regime was unpopular and led to several revolts by Indians, which were brutally quelled by garrisson soldiers. Yale was also notorious arresting and trying Indians on his own private authority, including the hanging of a stable boy who had absconded with a Company horse [3]
Death and legacy
Yale died on July 8, 1721, and is buried in the churchyard of the parish church of St. Giles Church' in Wrexham, Wales. His tomb is inscribed with these lines:
- Born in America, in Europe bred
- In Africa travell'd and in Asia wed
- Where long he liv'd and thriv'd; In London dead
- Much good, some ill, he did; so hope all's even
- And that his soul thro' mercy's gone to Heaven
- You that survive and read this tale, take care
- For this most certain exit to prepare
- Where blest in peace, the actions of the just
- Smell sweet and blossom in silent dust.
- In Africa travell'd and in Asia wed
Wrexham Tower, part of Saybrook College, Yale, is a replica of that of St. Giles', Wrexham.
Elihu later became the name of a "senior society" founded in 1903 at Yale.
Alexandra Robbins, in her article for Atlantic Monthly about Skull and Bones, alleges that the gravestone of Elihu Yale was stolen years ago from its proper setting in Wrexham, and is displayed in a glass case, in a room with purple walls, which belongs to a building called the Tomb of the Skull and Bones at Yale University.
In 1999, American Heritage magazine rated Elihu Yale the "most overrated philanthropist" in American history, arguing that the college that would later bear his name (Yale University) was successful largely because of the generosity of a man named Jeremiah Dummer, but that the trustees of the school did not want it known by the name "Dummer College".
No comments:
Post a Comment